New Emirates Medical Journal - Current Issue

Background: A wide variety of tumors affect the pleura, both primary and secondary. The most common are metastatic carcinomas, usually of pulmonary origin. They manifest as malignant pleural effusion or multifocal pleural lesions. The extrapulmonary source of metastasis is mentioned but occurs less frequently. Pleural primary tumors other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma are either uncommon or rare and have re Read More

Background Caffeine, a stimulant for the central nervous system, is extensively consumed worldwide and can be found in various items such as coffee, tea, chocolate, and energy beverages. In addition to its stimulating properties, caffeine has been shown to provide numerous health advantages, including relief from migraines, treatment for neonatal apnea, and possible protective effects against neurodegenerative di Read More

Introduction Cardiac amyloidosis, characterized by amyloid fibril deposition in the heart, often leads to heart failure and has a high mortality rate. The early detection of cardiac amyloidosis is critical for improving patient prognosis; however, the subtle and variable presentations of this condition can make early diagnosis challenging. Echocardiography is pivotal for diagnosing this condition. Through this study, we aim to i Read More

A disproportionately large number of cancer-related deaths are caused by lung cancer, making it a worldwide public health concern. Lung cancer has a complex etiology, although carcinogenic chemicals are key contributors. In this chapter, we delve into the complex web of connections between carcinogenic pollution and the development of lung cancer. An overview of lung cancer, its prevalence, causative factors, and i Read More

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant contributor to 50%-70% of cardiac failure cases. Successful reperfusion is linked to improved systolic and diastolic functions. Aim and Objectives This study aimed to detect the correlation between ECG parameters (QRS duration and fragmentation, QTc, Tpe, and Tpe / QTc ratio), which were proved to be correlated with improved reperfusion post-PCI and associat Read More

Introduction With the spread of COVID-19 around the world, this disease became a serious threat to global health and exposed people to coronavirus anxiety and death. Hospitalized patients have faced more anxiety about coronavirus and death, which can affect both the experiences and satisfaction of patients. Aim The present study investigated the relationship between death anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, experiences, Read More

Background Hemolacria, the presence of blood in tears, is an uncommon condition with various underlying etiologies. Although it can be alarming, its occurrence is often linked to a range of medical conditions, particularly in pediatric patients. Case Presentation: We present two pediatric cases involving hematological diseases who developed hemolacria as a manifestation of their underlying conditions. Case 1 includes that of an Read More

Background Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a pivotal role in the effectiveness and efficiency of nursing students in their academic and professional pursuits. EI levels differ across academic years and tend to increase with age, often being higher in female students. Aim This study aimed to assess the EI of RAKMHSU nursing students in the UAE. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study used the Schutte EI Scale to asses Read More

Introduction Entry-level physiotherapists function as autonomous healthcare practitioners within a complex healthcare system, requiring professional competence in the clinical domain. Physiotherapy (PT) educational programs typically emphasize onsite teaching and use summative assessments to evaluate students' achievement of program objectives and learning outcomes. However, possessing knowledge and skill Read More

Background The traditional methods are mostly used to detect tracheal localization and to exclude esophageal localization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of epigastric manual compression in the confirmation of esophageal placement of the tube. Methods Out-of-hospital ETE was performed by experienced paramedics working in the emergency ambulance service, while ETE in the emergen Read More

Background Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] impacts affected children with many diagnostic, therapeutic, and life challenges. The traditional drugs used for induction and maintenance of remission had many unwanted side effects. Therefore, there was an urgent need for safer, more effective therapeutic strategies. Hence, modifying the gut microbiota [GM] was proposed as an innovative approach based on the Read More

Introduction Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), also known as rheumatic pelvic spondylitis, is considered the primary condition in a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases collectively referred to as spondyloarthropathies. Objectives This study aimed to explore the association between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and the predisposition to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Algerian population. The frequency of this poly Read More

Introduction Iron-Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a global burden affecting more than a billion individuals. It is most prevalent due to nutritional deficiencies. Researchers have linked Selenium (Se) to anemia and erythropoiesis. Aim This interventional-study was designed to investigate the plasma Se concentration and its supplementation impact in IDA patients receiving standard treatment. Methodology In the present stud Read More

Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrinal disorders in the reproductive age of women and is, therefore, a risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). One of the medications used in the management of PCOS is metformin and its use has been proposed to decrease the occurrence of GDM. The purpose of this study focuses on the effects of the dose and duration of me Read More

Background The healthcare sector plays a significant role in the control and mitigation of plastic pollution-associated threats to the environment and human health. Aim This study aimed to investigate the awareness, pro-environmental behaviors, and strategies for mitigating plastic pollution among nursing students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 210 undergraduate nursing students using a structured Read More

Background Globally, urinary tract infections (UTIs) have attracted the attention of clinicians and have become a serious public health threat. Management of UTIs has become a growing concern for clinicians due to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The present study was conducted to identify the most diagnosed uropathogens causing UTIs among Inpatient Department (IPD) and Outpatient Department (O Read More

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to global health, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic burden. This review highlights the profound clinical and financial consequences of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Of particular concern is the escalation of bacterial resistance linked to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic, Read More

Background Incidental gastric tumours, including benign gastric adenomyoma (GA) during bariatric surgery, can pose diagnostic and management dilemmas, resulting in misdiagnosis, inappropriate procedures, or even abandoning the procedure. Case Presentation We report a rare case of an incidental prepyloric GA discovered during a one-anastomosis gastric bypass performed for diabetes management. Preoperative gastro Read More

Introduction Digital eye strain (DES), also known as computer vision syndrome (CVS), is a common condition affecting individuals who spend prolonged periods focusing on screens, leading to symptoms, such as dry eyes, eye strain, headaches, and blurred vision. University students, including medical students, increasingly spend more time staring at screens for study and research. Therefore, this study assesses the p Read More

Background ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a developmental disorder characterized by inattention and distractibility, as well as hyperactivity. Objective This study investigated the prevalence of ADHD in male and female students of primary school in Babol (Iran). Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. The studied population was school-aged children (7-12 years old) in the urban areas of Babol city. A to Read More

Addictive learning in the field of medical education refers to the process wherein medical students are highly engaged in the learning process. The aim of the current article is to evaluate the effectiveness of addictive learning strategies, identify barriers, and propose solutions to effectively implement addictive learning in medical education. Addictive learning ensures an increase in the level of student engagement, which in Read More

Introduction Medically-complicated obesity, a major public health issue due to the ineffectiveness of traditional treatments, is increasingly managed through bariatric surgery. This study investigates the knowledge of clinical year students about bariatric surgery at RAKMHSU. It aims to assess their awareness and understanding of this crucial intervention for severe obesity and its related health risks. Materials and Methods This cros Read More

Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PESCC) is a rare variant of endometrial carcinoma accounting for <1% of all endometrial malignancies. It is a highly aggressive tumor and carries a very poor prognosis with a 5-year survival reaching up to zero. The exact pathogenesis of PESCC is unclear, and different theories have been proposed for its origin. The most widely accepted theory proposes the endometria Read More

Introduction Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of diabetes. However, there is currently no cohesive picture of the prevalence of prediabetes and its risk factors in Afghanistan. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the prevalence of prediabetes and its risk factors among adult outpatients in Afghanistan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on outpatients aged 18 years or over (n=1766) f Read More

Objective Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in Algeria, where it ranks as the most common cancer of the aerodigestive tract in men, with an incidence rate of 5.1 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The etiology of NPC is multifactorial. Thus, this research aims to identify specific dietary risk factors prevalent in the western Algerian region. Methods We conducted a case-control study comprising 120 incide Read More

Diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in special populations, including pregnant women, patients requiring intensive care unit admission, and patients who develop complications such as ascites, pericardial effusion or develop COVID-19 infection, are very challenging. PH is associated with poor outcomes in pregnant women as the haemodynamic changes during pregnancy greatly increase maternal m Read More

Group 5 pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses PH associated with chronic haemolytic diseases, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. The prevalence of PH is notably high in sickle cell disease (SCD), thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Pulmonary symptoms are common with haematological diseases; therefore, systematic evaluation of patien Read More

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a distinct and treatable form of pulmonary hypertension (PH). It occurs due to persistent thromboembolic obstruction of pulmonary arteries, leading to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and right ventricular failure. The prognosis of CTEPH patients is poor if left untreated. The diagnosis of CTEPH is challenging and usually delayed due to non-s Read More

Chronic Lung Diseases (CLDs) constitute one of the most frequent causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and rank second after PH due to left heart disease. In PH-CLD, destruction of lung parenchyma is associated with decreased functional capacity, diminished quality of life, increased oxygen requirements, and a heightened risk of death. As both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PH due to lung disease are cat Read More

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common type of PH and is observed in patients with underlying left heart disease conditions, including valvular heart disease, heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), cardiomyopathies, and arrhythmic diseases. Group 2 PH is postcapillary PH categorised into 2 components as isolated p Read More

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a frequent complication of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and, to a lesser extent, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren syndrome. Connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH) is the second most common cause of PAH, following the idiopathic form Read More

Group 1 pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease characterized by progressively increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) due to obstructions in the pulmonary vasculature. Group 1 PAH is further subdivided into idiopathic PAH, PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD), PAH associated with connective tissue disease (CTD-PAH), port Read More

Risk stratification in pulmonary arterial hypertension is critical in determining therapeutic strategies for patients. Patients are stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on determinants of prognosis like clinical assessment, exercise tests, biochemical markers, echocardiography, and haemodynamic tests. The primary objective of treatment is to shift each of the component tests into a low-risk z Read More

Diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is generally challenging due to nonspecific symptom presentation and several potential contributing conditions. Timely diagnosis of PAH is very important as the disease is progressive in nature and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate strategies that can reduce the delay in diagnosis of PAH, increase awarene Read More

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure over 25mmHg. PH has become a global issue associated with substantial morbidity and mortality despite the emergence of several treatment options in the last two decades. The Emirates Thoracic Society, Emirates Rheumatology Society, and Emirates Cardiac Society took up the task of coming up with regional pr Read More

It has been estimated that by 2030, the number of patients with diabetes is expected to rise to 552 million. Moreover, an estimated 20 million new cancer cases were reported in 2022, and 64 million people worldwide are currently suffering from heart failure. Recently, there has been an increasing interest regarding the prescription of a drug that was approved for use in May, 2014, which is called empagliflozin. Up to now Read More

Background Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive treatment modality that is gaining prominence due to the limitations of existing pharmacotherapy approaches. To date, there is a paucity of research examining the awareness of rTMS among psychiatrists in the Arabian Gulf region. In this region, treatment resistance is prevalent due to the cultural attribution of psychological distress to so Read More

Background Bronchial asthma, a chronic inflammatory condition, poses significant health challenges for children. Proper management of childhood asthma requires the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the caregivers. This study assesses the KAP of caregivers in the management of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children in the UAE. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ras Al Khaimah over four months, i Read More

Introduction and Objective: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is an excessive and irrational fear of social situations, leading to an avoidance of those situations. Individuals with SAD may fear acting in a certain way or exhibiting anxiety symptoms in front of others, which can significantly impact their daily functioning and quality of life. Among medical students, SAD can negatively influence academic performance, particularly in e Read More

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the COVID-19 illness, which has been discovered to have a number of side effects. The purpose of this study is to present the most recent scientific data about oral symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and the difficulties the dental system faced throughout the pandemic. When COVID-19 is suspected or confirmed, it is advised that patients undergo a routine intraoral examination because oral s Read More

Peptic ulcers have a significant impact on global mortality and morbidity rates. The primary causative factors explored in this review include H. pylori infection, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Addressing this pressing health issue requires raising awareness and developing novel medications and therapies, which necessitates further research. This article encompas Read More

Introduction Integration of research into medical education is crucial for cultivating physician-scientists capable of advancing medical breakthroughs. It is imperative to take these measures for early medical students to establish a strong research foundation for future healthcare professionals. Methods This study investigated the impact of early research exposure on pre-clinical medical students at Gulf Medical Un Read More

Background Crush syndrome is the second most common cause of death in earthquakes, following direct trauma. Crush syndrome develops when toxic substances released after tissue injury or crushing reach the bloodstream. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with morbidity and mortality in patients rescued from the rubble after the February 6 earthquake and admitted to our hospital who had crush Read More

IntroductionDespite significant advancements in COVID-19 treatment and prevention, immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with hematological malignancies, remain at high risk for severe infection and suboptimal vaccine response. Pre-exposure prophylaxis strategies for these vulnerable populations have been limited. Monoclonal antibodies, proteins designed to target specific antigens, offer a promising p Read More

Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is frequently used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. Despite its effectiveness, there are rising concerns about potential neuropsychiatric side effects, such as agitation, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and suicidal ideation. It is crucial to examine clinical evidence to better understand these adverse reactions and ensure patient safety. This review ai Read More

Introduction: Among women of reproductive age, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition marked by insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities, and hormonal imbalances. Infertility, irregular menstrual periods, acne, hirsutism, and obesity are among the symptoms that this illness frequently causes. Traditional PCOS therapies usually include drugs like insulin sensitizers and oral contracepti Read More

Background The study investigated the impact of incorporating fruits or fruit juices into the diets of prediabetic individuals to mitigate oxidative stress. Previous research presented divergent approaches, making replication of findings challenging. This study aimed to evaluate whether advising the consumption of two low-calorie fruits daily could improve oxidative stress, glycemic control, and anthropometric measurem Read More

Background The global impact of COVID-19 resulted in widespread illness and death. The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by increased transmission caused by Variants of Concern (VOC), became a significant concern in the post-pandemic. Objectives This study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of multiplexed real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays for COVID-19 detection and the use of Read More

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) have emerged as potential agents in managing diabetes, offering novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. This comprehensive review explores the diverse mechanisms, clinical applications, and the evolving landscape of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the context of diabetes mellitus. The molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of PDEIs on diabetes form a cornerstone of this revie Read More

Introduction This study examines the factors contributing to the shortage of medical doctors teaching medical students despite their crucial role in training the future medical workforce. Methods To analyze the factors behind the lack of medical doctors in the training of medical students, we used ‘phenomenology’ to understand clinical educators' lived experiences and their constructed meanings. Within the domain of pheno Read More

Background Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug for treating bipolar disorders and Schizophrenia. Regardless of being used as a common antipsychotic drug, there are reports of hepatic abnormalities caused by using Olanzapine. Silymarin and Vitamin C have been shown to have hepatoprotective effects. Objective The purpose of the present study was to study the hepatotoxic effects of Olanzapine and the hepato Read More

Background Cardiomyopathies are a broad range of cardiac illnesses defined by mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction and abnormal ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. Cardiomyopathies are classified into two categories: either primarily related to myocardial disease or secondary to other systemic or organ disorders, including the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones have been linked to a wide range of significant effects on the Read More

Objectives The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program is a multidisciplinary approach aimed at minimizing postoperative complications, shortening hospital stays, and improving clinical outcomes. The current study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses and anesthesia technicians regarding the ERAS program, which is essential for evaluating their understanding and readiness to implement th Read More

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection in humans. Limited research has been conducted both internationally and locally to evaluate the general community’s collective understanding of H. pylori infection, its diagnosis, and its management. Objective This study aims to evaluate the level of understanding of H. pylori infection, its diagnosis, and management among the genera Read More

Background Intestinal malrotation in adults is more common in chronic, insidious patterns, reported to be around 88% in the literature, with features ranging from intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting to food intolerance, malabsorption, and motility disorders. This clinical spectrum can be debilitating for the patient in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in the context of acute presentation in the background Read More

In the global vision to deliver effective medical education to the current and future cohorts of medical students, there is an immense need to plan and implement measures to ensure continuous improvement. The purpose of the current article is to explore the scope of game-based assessments in medical education and propose a step-wise plan to integrate game-based assessments into the medical curriculum. The Read More

Background This study focuses on the mental health and resilience of migrant students at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU) in the UAE, who often face unique challenges such as cultural adjustment, language barriers, and separation from family and friends. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the resilience levels of RAKMHSU's migrant students, identify their challenges, and provide evidence-based Read More

This literature review explores the correlation between atrial fibrillation (AF) and the gut microbiome by elucidating its significance in cardiovascular health. AF stands as a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in systemic health through its influence o Read More

AimTo evaluate the suitability of commercially available glucometers in the UAE in terms of accurate and reliable blood glucose measurements.BackgroundPortable glucometers are employed for measuring blood glucose levels, offering distinct advantages such as providing instant results and being user-friendly when compared to laboratory reference analyzers. However, certain molecules, such as those fou Read More

BackgroundMobile health interventions showcase effectiveness for improving treatment adherence among Latent TB Infection (LTBI) patients. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding their acceptability and usability. This study aimed to assess the initial acceptability and usability of a mobile health application that has been designed to ensure treatment adherence in LTBI patients.MethodsA descriptive study was con Read More

BackgroundA significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, affects more than a billion people globally. Numerous non-pharmacological methods work well to lower blood pressure. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term effect of green tea supplementation on blood pressure among people with hypertension.MethodsThis community-based randomized controlled trial was co Read More

BackgroundThe coverage of immunization amongst adults in India remains low; a lack of nationally endorsed guidelines and implementation policies is a contributing factor. There is a paucity of tools available to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding adult immunization. Hence, we attempted to develop a KAP questionnaire to evaluate the existing expertise regarding adult immunization am Read More

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in human health, influencing various physiological processes and overall well-being. Firstly, we explore dietary components such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fermented foods, which can modulate the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, thereby promoting a balanced microbial community. Additionally, lifestyle factors including exercise, stress management, and sleep patt Read More

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ameliorated insulin injection site rotation on the incidence of Lipohypertrophy (LH) and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Methods A quasi-experimental design involving a pretest-posttest with a control group was utilized at the medical outpatients’ clinic of Sohag University Hospital. The participants were divided into two groups (30 in the study group and 30 in th Read More

IntroductionOverweight and obesity are growing problems worldwide, along with a decrease in physical activity. This trend is also seen in the United Arab Emirates, including insufficient exercise among university students. This study aimed to evaluate the physical activity level, weight categories, and fat distribution among female college students and determine the correlations and associations between these factors and demogr Read More

Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons, represent a significant and growing global health concern. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these conditions remain elusive. Enzyme dysregulation has emerged as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Read More

BackgroundNormal circadian blood pressure response includes a nocturnal fall in BP by 10 to 20% of the average daytime BP. Many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, alter these normal circadian BP changes. DM, through its long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as autonomic neuropathy, affects BP dipping patterns by decreasing dipping (non-dipper), exaggerating dipping (nocturnal hypoten Read More

This review paper aims to investigate the therapeutic benefits of pemirolast across different medical conditions, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, cancer, conjunctivitis, etc. The prevalence of allergic conditions has risen in recent decades, primarily attributed to environmental factors. This paper explores the role of pemirolast in managing and mitigating these diseases, shedding light on its potential applications in the conte Read More

Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread via female Anopheles mosquitoes. Assortments of factors are causing the trouble i.e., (i) fierce opposition posed by the plasmodium life cycle and intracellular localization for pathogens in hepatocytes and erythrocytes; (ii) The decisive physical and chemical properties among most antimalarial drugs, that exhibit an amphiphilic property allowing them to be widely circulated in an Read More

ObjectiveAn adverse drug reaction is defined as “an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product, which warrants prevention or specific treatment, alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product, as it predicts hazard from future administration.”MethodologyCurrently used to report such responses, the International Classification of Dise Read More

Introduction Osteoporosis is a bone condition that disrupts bone structure, reduces its strength, and increases the risk of fractures. While osteoporosis is commonly recognized as a disorder affecting the elderly, it can also develop in younger adults and be accompanied by other disorders. Screening individuals and diagnosing those at higher risk of osteoporosis early may significantly reduce the likelihood of comp Read More

ObjectiveThe study sought to quantify the frequency and categorize the types of prescribing errors occurring in outpatient settings while evaluating the efficacy of pharmacist interventions in mitigating such errors.MethodologyThis study was a cross-sectional, retrospective interventional study conducted over a one-year period from September 1, 2017, to August 31, 2018, at the outpatient departments of one government and Read More

BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. Its prevalence is increasing as a result of lifestyle, related genes expression, and insufficient insulin signaling. The activation or inhibition of some proteins in the insulin signaling pathway play a vital role in glucose uptake into the cells and in maintaining serum glucose homeostasis. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phos Read More

Cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases, with a high mortality rate, despite advancements in technology and science. Patients diagnosed with cancer typically undergo a traumatic experience, enduring both mental anguish and physical exhaustion. Psychosocial distress is common among cancer patients and can have a detrimental effect on their overall quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial for oncology he Read More

This paper describes an innovative tool for formative assessment. This involves designing and implementing a Virtual Escape Room for students of Master’s in Health Professions Education (MHPE) at Gulf Medical University. Escape Room is a type of game-based education where players are constrained in a room, and they must solve a series of interconnected challenges in the form of puzzles or riddles to escape the room. E Read More

IntroductionValvular heart diseases are some of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The mitral valve is estimated to be the cause of 15% of deaths in heart valve disease. Mitral valve dysfunction can be treated with a variety of operative options, one of which is mitral valve replacement. Although it is less desirable than repair, in some situations, it is the only viable option. Thus, we con Read More

BackgroundA lack of proper anti-malarial medication use can lead to drug resistance, failed therapy, and even death. It is unclear how widespread the use of fake anti-malarial medications is in India. Better malaria treatment and the execution of regulatory initiatives to improve anti-malarial drug quality necessitate regional research into the quality of available anti-malarial pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to look into the q Read More

The scope of online assessment in the field of medical education is extensive and varied, encompassing a wide range of types of assessments and purposes. For the assessment of the cognitive domain, online assessment can be carried out with the help of a number of assessment methods. As is the case with any potential tool, even online assessments have their share of limitations, and we must be aware of this as it can help u Read More

BackgroundThe normal anatomy of the coronary arteries consists of the right coronary artery and the left main coronary artery, which originate from the right and left sinuses of Valsalva in the aortic root separately. In general, congenital anomalies of the coronary artery are uncommon in adults. The ectopic origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk is part of a group of infrequent coronary artery anomalies. The Read More

BackgroundIdentifying the preferred learning modalities of students is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the content of the study, and this can be achieved by employing the VARK inventory developed by Neil D. Fleming. The preferred learning modality of students significantly influences their learning outcomes.AimThis study aimed to identify the preferred learning modalities among health professional student Read More

BackgroundNowadays, the resistance to available antibiotics could be mentioned as a global threat to public health. The aim of this preliminary study was to conduct a retrospective survey associated with the prevalence of Nosocomial Infections (NIs) and the pattern of microbial resistance in a tertiary care referral hospital (Alzahra), Isfahan, Iran.MethodsThe data between the years 2016 to 2022 were extracted from the off Read More

BackgroundSickle cell anemia (SCA) poses significant metabolic challenges in affected individuals, yet the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and disease severity remains underexplored, particularly in Sudanese pediatric populations.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the RMR and its correlation with disease severity scores and treatment with hydroxyurea in Sudanese patients with sickle cell disease.Materi Read More

IntroductionNon-resolving pneumonia after antibiotic treatment is encountered on quite a few occasions in clinical practice and is estimated to account for approximately 15 percent of inpatient pulmonary consultations and 8 percent of bronchoscopies. This is more frequently seen in intensive care/ ventilated patient-associated pneumonia compared to community-acquired pneumonia. Treatment failures are mostly d Read More

BackgroundIn the year 2009, Remdesivir or Veklury was discovered by Gilead Sciences for the management of hepatitis C, Ebola and Marburg virus disease through injection into a vein and then a few years later, 22nd Oct 2020 (United States), the drug was recommended for the management of COVID-19 under a provisional guideline.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to address pharmacotherapy approaches ass Read More

BackgroundAlthough most cases of choriocarcinoma are of gestational origin, rare cases of extrauterine origin (such as pulmonary) have been reported, which have a poor prognosis.Case PresentationWe present one such rare case involving a 35-year-old female patient who initially presented to the emergency department with hemothorax and was found to have primary lung choriocarcinoma after multiple biopsies. Read More

BackgroundDermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridge configuration on the skin of the fingers and palms, which can be used to diagnose chromosomal disorders and individual identification. Stress is characterized by feeling overwhelmed with mental or emotional pressure and evokes a biological response when any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus is applied. Stress can cause acute effects and disorders that can trigger str Read More

BackgroundThe association between visceral obesity and insulin resistance establishes an alternative risk for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The infiltration of macrophages in the visceral fatty tissue and the unreliable generation of adipokines are associated with mechanisms directing the progress of insulin resistance.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to observe the relationship between visceral fat-associated adi Read More

BackgroundIt is known that attitudes towards the elderly are an important variable affecting healthcare services. Considering the increasing trends of the population over 65 years in countries, it is important to determine the attitudes of future healthcare workers towards the elderly and to prepare them to serve in the health sector with activities that will lead to positive changes. In this direction, it is important to determine t Read More

The main reason for liver-related death globally is reported as cancer which results in most patients with cirrhosis, therefore in this article, we discuss the epidemiology of liver diseases and liver cancer in the world.Ongoing review article efforts to address updated knowledge of study topics worldwide. Information on the prevalence and mortality of liver disease were extracted from Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Coc Read More

BackgroundThe relationship between ECG changes in dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy and ejection fraction (EF) is complex and poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most common patterns of ECG associated with dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy and their relationship to EF.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2022, including 100 consecutive patie Read More

ObjectiveAcceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of medical personnel reduces the spread of infection the research aimed to evaluate healthcare professionals' attitudes toward vaccination by the health belief model.MethodsA quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used for the study.ResultsMost medical personnel agreed to get the COVID-19 vaccination (84%; n=384). Medical workers over 45 (90%) showed mor Read More

AimThe study investigated the relationship between Determining the Factors Related to Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Mothers with Maternal-Fetal Attachment.BackgroundDemographic policies in Iran emphasize population, fertility, and maternal health. Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is a term used to describe conditions that help the mother cope with the physiological changes during pregnancy. MFA contributes Read More

Aortic aneurysms are common in adults due to atherosclerosis but are rare in children and young adults, often overlooked due to infrequent reporting. Acquired aneurysms are usually linked to factors like umbilical artery ligation, connective tissue diseases, or vasculitides. In contrast, the causes of congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) remain unknown due to their extreme rarity. Only a few cases have been report Read More

IntroductionAphasia, also known as language impairment, is a condition that affects the ability to express and understand language, as well as the ability to communicate. Crossed Aphasia in Dextral (CAD) is defined as aphasia after a right hemispheric stroke. Usually, aphasia is caused by a left-sided stroke in right-handed individuals. The prevalence of crossed aphasia in right-handed individuals is 0.38% to 3%. CAD is diagnosed Read More

IntroductionThe WHO Emergency Committee advocates preventive strategies for COVID-19 management, emphasising vaccines as highly effective but acknowledging their limitations. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, initially effective against COVID-19, were discontinued due to severe side effects. Further clinical trials are imperative to establish the safety and efficacy of new antiviral agents, some of which may have harmfu Read More

The significance of empathy in the realm of medical education cannot be undermined, as once a student embarks on their journey to serve and heal mankind, cultivating empathetic skills becomes an indispensable part of their training. Empathy plays a significant role in healthcare delivery in the domains of patient outcomes and doctor-patient relationships. This article provides a brief review of empathy education and assess Read More

A degenerative brain ailment called Huntington's disease (HTD) causes irritable behavior, emotional distress, cognition, etc. It is also known as Huntington's chorea. Compared to men, women are more likely to get HTD. However, in India, if 3 to 5% of Europeans are affected, it is difficult to estimate the disease's prevalence. The full pathophysiological status, several molecular pathways, and pharmaceutical and non-pharma Read More

BackgroundVancomycin, used to treat severe gram-positive infections, can induce acute kidney injury. Some evidence introduced Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as an inflammatory mediator of ischemic damage to many organs and urinary IL-18 as a diagnostic biomarker of acute tubular necrosis.ObjectiveThe current study aimed to evaluate the urinary level of IL-18 after vancomycin therapy.MethodsThis cross-sectional s Read More

IntroductionOver the last half-century, the treatment and management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have progressively improved, particularly with the contribution of immunobiological or biological therapies known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Although these agents have been generally efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients experience limited efficacy and non Read More