Current Medical Imaging - Volume 20, Issue 1, 2024

Background Lung cancer patients with post-chemotherapy may have disconnected or weakened function connections within brain networks. Objective This study aimed to explore the abnormality of brain functional networks in lung cancer patients with post-chemotherapy by modular edge analysis. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed on 40 patients after chem Read More

Introduction While pulmonary vein filling defects on CT are typically considered diagnostic for thrombus, under certain circumstances, they can be artifactual as a result of flow phenomena. Case Presentation We report a case of a 53-year-old female with chest pain who was found to have filling defects in pulmonary vein branches on CCTA that were initially treated as thromboses. However, follow-up cardiac MRI was negative for Read More

Introduction Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TGCT) originates from synovial cells in tendon sheaths and bursae and rarely presents as a calcaneal mass. Case Report A 44-year-old female presented with left heel pain that had persisted for over a year and had worsened over the past six months. A mass was found on the Lateral radiograph of the calcaneus, which was diagnosed as an aneurysmal bone cyst. Non-c Read More

Background It is essential to determine whether bone marrow signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent a physiological response or pathology; at present, the clinical significance of these signal changes is unclear. It is unknown whether a bone marrow biopsy is required when bone marrow signal changes are detected incidentally in individuals without suspected malignancy. Objective The primar Read More

Background: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a purulent disease caused by microbial contamination of liver parenchyma and includes amoebic liver abscess, fungal liver abscess, and the most common bacterial liver abscess. Objective: Explore the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) via vessels and surgical drain guidance percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA). Materi Read More

Introduction Mesothelioma is an insidious neoplasm that develops from mesothelial cells. About 80% of mesotheliomas originate in the pleural cavity. Other sites where it has been reported are the peritoneal cavity, tunica vaginalis, and the pericardium. Case Presentation A 45-year-old female complained of abdominal distention and pain for three months. There was a significant weight loss of approximately 15 kg in the Read More

Background: Image enhancement is a very significant topic in image processing that improves the quality of the images. The methods of image enhancement are classified into 3 categories. They include histogram method, fuzzy logic method and optimal method. Studies on image enhancement are often based on rules: if it's bright then it's brighter, if it's dark then it's darker and using the global approach. So, it's h Read More

Background Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) accumulation is closely associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial ischemia, plaque vulnerability, and major adverse cardiovascular events. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between myocardial ischemia defined by computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and region-specific Read More

Background Some patients with suspected brain metastases (BM) could not tolerate longer scanning examinations according to the standardized MRI protocol. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE FLAIR) imaging in combination with contrast-enhanced T1 weighted imaging (CE T1WI) in detecting BM of lung cancer and explore a Read More

Background Breast Cancer (BC) is a significant threat affecting women globally. An accurate and reliable disease classification method is required to get an early diagnosis. However, existing approaches lack accurate and robust classification. Objective This study aims to design a model to classify BC Histopathology images accurately by leveraging segmentation techniques. Methods This work proposes a combined segment Read More

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of unenhanced CT added to the portal venous phase in the diagnostic accuracy of acute colonic diverticulitis/sigmoiditis. Methods Between January 1st and December 31st, 2020, all consecutive adult patients referred to the radiology department for clinical suspicion of acute colonic diverticulitis/sigmoiditis were retrospectively screened. To be included, patients must h Read More

Background During the collection process, the prostate capsula is prone to introduce salt and pepper noise due to gastrointestinal peristalsis, which will affect the precision of subsequent object detection. Objective A cascade optimization scheme for image denoising based on image fusion was proposed to improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and contour protection performance of heterogeneous medical images after Read More

Objective This study aims to comprehensively assess the characteristics of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in relation to Cryptogenic Strok (CS) by utilizing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transthoracic echocardiography (c-TTE) and to identify high-risk factors associated with PFO-related CS. Background Transcatheter PFO closure has demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing PFO-related CS. Therefore Read More

Background: Accurate preoperative judgment of lymph node (LN) metastasis is a critical step in creating a treatment strategy and evaluating prognosis in rectal cancer (RC) patients. Objective: This study aimed to explore the value of T1 mapping and amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging in predicting LN metastasis in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: In a retrospective study, twenty-three patients with patholog Read More

Background Despite the availability of vaccines, there is an increasing number of SARS-CoV-2-breakthrough-infections. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a radiological difference in lung parenchymal involvement between infected vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether vaccination has an impact on the course of illness and the need for intensive car Read More

Background: Empirical curvelet and ridgelet image fusion is an emerging technique in the field of image processing that aims to combine the benefits of both transforms. Objective: The proposed method begins by decomposing the input images into curvelet and ridgelet coefficients using respective transform algorithms for Computerized Tomography (CT) and magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) brain images. Methods: An Read More

Introduction An anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare heart malformation, with 90% of patients dying during the first year of life. If the right coronary artery compensation and multiple collateral circulation are sufficiently established, the patient's myocardial ischemia symptoms are mild and appear later, which is called the adult type ALCAPA. Case Description A 42-year-old woman Read More

Background A clinical medical image provides vital information about a person's health and bodily condition. Typically, doctors monitor and examine several types of medical images individually to gather supplementary information for illness diagnosis and treatment. As it is arduous to analyze and diagnose from a single image, multi-modality images have been shown to enhance the precision of diagnosis and evaluatio Read More

PurposeExploring the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of organs and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) in tube current modulation (TCM) chest CT examination.MethodsForty patients who received TCM chest CT scanning were retrospectively collected and divided into four groups according to the tube voltage and sexes. We chose to set up the region of interest (ROI) at the tracheal bifurcation and its u Read More

Standard multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) uses a single X-ray tube to emit a mixed energy X-ray beam, which is received by a single detector. The difference is that dual-energy CT (DECT), a new equipment in recent years, employs a single X-ray tube or two X-ray tubes to emit two single-energy X-ray beams, which are received by a single or two detectors. The application of dual-energy technology to portal ven Read More

Background Segmenting tumors in MRI scans is a difficult and time-consuming task for radiologists. This is because tumors come in different shapes, sizes, and textures, making them hard to identify visually. Objective This study proposes a new method called the enhanced regularized ensemble encoder-decoder network (EREEDN) for more accurate brain tumor segmentation. Methods The EREEDN model first preproce Read More

Backgroud Stroke is reportedly the biggest cause of death and disability in the world, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The severity of a stroke can be lowered by recognising the many stroke warning indicators early on. Using CNN, the primary goal of this study is to predict the likelihood that a brain stroke would develop at an early stage. Objective The novelty of the proposed work is to acquire mode Read More

Background The novel coronavirus pandemic has caused a global health crisis, placing immense strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Chest X-ray technology has emerged as a critical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. However, the manual interpretation of chest X-ray films has proven to be inefficient and time-consuming, necessitating the development of an automated classification system. Objective In res Read More

Background: Immunoglobulin G4 (Ig G4)-related disease is rare; however, it is a fibroinflammatory disease that has been studied a lot so far. Although the expression pattern varies depending on the organ affected, it usually manifests as organ hypertrophy and organ dysfunction. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old man was referred to our otorhinolaryngology department for left submandibular swelling and tenderness th Read More

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging and treatment of cervical cancer in pregnancy, and to evaluate the benefit of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy management. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the stage of cervical cancer. The Read More

Background Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a growing problem in Asian countries. DR accounts for 5% to 7% of all blindness in the entire area. In India, the record of DR-affected patients will reach around 79.4 million by 2030. Aims The main objective of the investigation is to utilize 2-D colored fundus retina scans to determine if an individual possesses DR or not. In this regard, Engineering-based techniques such as deep learnin Read More

Purpose To evaluate the predictive value of 3.0T MRI Intravoxel Incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-DWI) combined with texture analysis (TA) in the histological grade of rectal adenocarcinoma. Methods Seventy-one patients with rectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology after surgical resection were collected retrospectively. According to pathology, they were divided into a poorly d Read More

IntroductionWith the development of vascular intervention, pseudoaneurysm complications are increasing. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) is currently the treatment of choice for pseudoaneurysm, but the pharmacological properties of thrombin may trigger acute thrombosis within the vessel lumen. Despite a very low incidence, this type of primary arterial thrombosis is a serious complication of UGTI, and cas Read More

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a relatively rare vascular complication of acute pancreatitis (AP), and its mortality rate is high. To our knowledge, relevant literature reports still need to be summarized. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of five patients with AP complicated by PE and summarized and reviewed the relevant literature. Methods Clinical data of patients with A Read More

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) applies two energy spectra distributions to collect raw data based on traditional CT imaging. The application of hepatobiliary imaging, has the advantages of optimizing the scanning scheme, improving the imaging quality, highlighting the disease characterization, and increasing the detection rate of lesions. In order to summarize the clinical application value of DECT in hepatobiliar Read More

Background Non-invasive bio-diagnostics are essential for providing patients with safer treatment. In this subject, significant growth is attained for non-invasive anaemia detection in terms of Hb concentration by means of spectroscopic and image analysis. The lower satisfaction rate is found due to inconsistent results in various patient settings. Objective This observational study aims to present an adaptable point-of-care Nea Read More

Background In order to perform a full surgical resection on non-palpable breast lesions, a current method necessitates correct intraoperative localization. Additionally, because it is an important prognostic factor for these patients, the examination of the lymph node status is crucial. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) technique in loc Read More

Introduction Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is an extremely rare variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by pathological features similar to those of colorectal adenocarcinoma. It is mostly observed on computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT as solitary or multiple nodules/masses in the lung. It tends to grow rapidly and is difficult to distinguish from lung metastatic col Read More

Background Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a rare auto-antibody mediated disease of isolated thrombocytopenia (<100,000/µL) with normal haemoglobin levels and leukocyte counts. Only a small number of ITP cases have been reported with accompanying ophthalmological findings. Herein, we report an ITP case with demonstrative retinal haemorrhages. Case Presentation A fifty-five-year-old woman with a k Read More

Background Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common vascular anastomosis between the carotid artery and vertebrobasilar systems. We report a very rare case of dissecting aneurysm in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) with ipsilateral PTA and discuss its clinical importance. Case Report A 38-year-old male presented to the emergency department with paroxysmal dysphasia for 6h. Brain magnetic resonance ( Read More

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the robustness of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) data determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) via spatially resolved error estimation. Materials and Methods Using standard T2* relaxation time measurement protocols, in-vivo and ex-vivo MRI data with water and fat nominally in phase or out of phase relative to each other were Read More

BackgroundThe prediction power of MRI radiomics for microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo investigate the prediction performance of MRI radiomics for MVI in HCC.MethodsOriginal studies focusing on preoperative prediction performance of MRI radiomics for MVI in HCC, were systematically searched from databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Sci Read More

Objective This study aimed to describe the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC). Methods This retrospective study comprised 27 patients diagnosed with 29 tumors of CCPRCC. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee and the requirement for the informed consent was waived. The inclusion criteria stipulat Read More

Introduction Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcomas (FDCS)was first found in 1986; the specificity of the disease is its rarity, with an incidence of only 0.4%, numerous doctors for its lack of understanding, the accuracy of imaging diagnosis is not great, which is easy to delay the treatment. This article summarizes several characteristic imaging manifestations of FDCS to provide imaging physicians with an understanding of the im Read More

Background Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder that causes uncontrolled kidney cyst growth, leading to kidney volume enlargement and renal function loss over time. Total kidney volume (TKV) and cyst burdens have been used as prognostic imaging biomarkers for ADPKD. Objective This study aimed to evaluate nnUNet for automatic kidney and cyst segmentation in T2-weighted (T2W Read More

Background Dural sinus malformation (DSM) is a rather rare congenital condition that can be encountered in the fetus and infants. The cause and etiology of DSM remain unclear. Obstetric ultrasound plays a key role in screening fetal brain malformations, and MRI is frequently used as a complementary method to confirm the diagnosis and provide more details. Objective Here, we present a fetus with DSM by multiple ima Read More

Background Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) is a rare benign lesion that appears as a solid cystic renal lesion or complex renal cystic lesion on medical imaging. There are no definite imaging criteria for METSK diagnosis. Case Presentation We present a case of a solid cystic renal mass that was evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) during an imaging workup. The patient underwent nephre Read More

Objective Cytoarchitectonic mapping has revealed distinct subregions within Broadmann area 4 (BA 4) – BA 4a and BA 4p – with varying functional roles across tasks. We investigate their functional connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to explore bilateral differences and the impact of handedness on connectivity within major brain networks. Methods This retrospective study involv Read More

Background Patients with cancer can develop bone metastasis when a solid tumor invades the bone, which is the third most commonly affected site by metastatic cancer, after the lung and liver. The early detection of bone metastases is crucial for making appropriate treatment decisions and increasing survival rates. Deep learning, a mainstream branch of machine learning, has rapidly become an effective approach to analyzi Read More

Background Deep learning reconstruction for free-breathing pulmonary MRI. Objective To propose a motion-resolved 3D pulmonary MRI reconstruction scheme using the sinusoidal representation network (SIREN). Methods The proposed scheme learns the registration maps using SIREN to register an averaging image to get the final reconstructions. The learning of the network relies only on the undersampled data Read More

Background:The purpose of this work was to identify which Glioblastoma (GBM) problems can be handled by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Results, limitations, and trends through a review of the scientific literature in the last 5 years were performed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier databases, and forward and backward citations were used for searching articles applying Read More

Background:Renal cell carcinoma, especially in small renal masses (≤ 4 cm) (SRM), has increased. Pathological analysis revealed a high proportion of benign masses, highlighting the urgent need for precise SRM differentiation.Objectives:This research aimed to independently validate the performance of machine learning-based ultrasound (US) radiomics analysis in differentiating benign from malignant SRM, and to compa Read More

Background:Multisystem information, including musculoskeletal information, can be captured from chest CT scans of patients with COVID-19 without further examination.Aims:This study aims to assess the relationship between chest CT-extracted baseline bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition parameters and the length of hospital stay in these patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in a coh Read More

Background Coronary artery diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Stenting or angioplasty of coronary arteries as interventional management requires knowledge about the morphology of the coronary tree, including luminal diameters. Objective This work aimed to study the diameters of the left main coronary artery and its branches measured by QCA in relation to the diameters derived by Finet’s law. Metho Read More