Current Medical Imaging - Current Issue

Introduction/Background Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare entity that is caused by an obstruction of the flow in the hepatic veins or inferior vena cava. Case Presentation Herein, we report a rare case of iatrogenic Budd-Chiari syndrome. A 52-year-old woman with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis, presented to our hospital for dyspnea caused by a large pleural effusion. After the placement of the central right jugular v Read More

Objective This study aims to optimize the downgrading of BI-RADS class 4a nodules by combining various sectional elastography techniques with age. Materials and Methods We performed conventional ultrasonography, strain elastography (SE), and shear wave elastography (SWE) on patients. Quantitative parameters recorded included age, cross-sectional and longitudinal area ratios (C-EI/B, L-EI/B), strain rate ratios (C-SR, L-S Read More

Background It remains unknown whether the parameters obtained using the Stretched Exponential Model (SEM) and Fractional Order Calculus (FROC) models can help distinguish Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) from Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the application value of the parameters of the 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) high-order SEM and FROC diffusion mo Read More

Objective Pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma (PSH) is a relatively uncommon benign neoplasm that is often asymptomatic and predominantly affects young and middle-aged females. PSH often appears as a single nodule, whereas multiple lesions with a cavity are relatively rare and easily misdiagnosed. Case Presentation In our study, we report a patient with separated nodules in the same lobe with a cavity and clinical ma Read More

Background Bruxism may cause increased alveolar bone thickness and density and irregular enlargement of the periodontal space. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the mandibular bone quality using radio-morphometric indices and Fractal Dimension (FD) analysis in orthopantomography (OPG). Material and Methods OPGs of 100 patients, 50 bruxers and 50 non-bruxers, were included in this study. Values, such as mental in Read More

Background Currently, most multimodal medical image fusion techniques focus solely on integrating the edge details of image features, often overlooking color preservation from the source images. Hence, this paper proposes a multi-channel fusion algorithm based on gradient domain-guided image filtering. Purpose This study aims to enhance the color preservation of source images in multimodal medical image fusion Read More

Introduction Perivascular Epithelioid Cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by the co-expression of melanocytic and myoid markers. While PEComas can arise in diverse anatomical sites, gastric PEComas are exceedingly rare, with merely nine cases documented in the extant literature. Case Presentation Herein, we have presented a case of gastric PEComa in a 65-year-old male patient who exhibite Read More

Introduction Various studies have demonstrated large variations in the annual occupational exposure of medical personnel working in interventional cardiology departments, ranging from 0.1 mSv to exceeding the annual effective occupational dose limit of 20 mSv. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the 17-year dynamics in the personal dosimetry records of the medical staff in one interventional cardiology de Read More

Background Controversies still exist regarding the mechanism formation of the blend sign, defined as hypodensity and hyperdensity regions, in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH), and which region associated with bleeding remains unknown. Spot sign is an independent predictor of hematoma expansion (HE) and indicates persistent bleeding focus in the hematoma. Here, we sought to establish the relationship between the spot Read More

Background: Ingestion of gastrointestinal foreign bodies (FB) is a common clinical problem worldwide. Approximately 10–20% of FBs require an endoscopic procedure for removal, and < 1% require surgery. Case Description: An 89-year-old male with Alzheimer's disease was hospitalized because of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, vomiting for three days, and cessation of bowel movements for six days. Abdominal c Read More

Background Dural sinus arteriovenous malformation is an uncommon intracranial vascular malformation. The affected cases may suffer from severe neurological injury. Prenatal ultrasound has been used to diagnose fetal intracranial vascular abnormality, but prenatal three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound presents a very rare anomaly; an arteriovenous malformation of the dural sinus has not been reported. Objective This s Read More

Background Brain tumours represent a diagnostic challenge, especially in the imaging area, where the differentiation of normal and pathologic tissues should be precise. The use of up-to-date machine learning techniques would be of great help in terms of brain tumor identification accuracy from MRI data. Objective This research paper aims to check the efficiency of a federated learning method that joins two classifiers, such Read More

Introduction In this study, we harnessed three cutting-edge algorithms' capabilities to refine the elbow fracture prediction process through X-ray image analysis. Employing the YOLOv8 (You only look once) algorithm, we first identified Regions of Interest (ROI) within the X-ray images, significantly augmenting fracture prediction accuracy. Methods Subsequently, we integrated and compared the ResNet, the SeResNet (S Read More

Background Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction can be used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but there is scarce literature on using ultrasound combined with electrophysiology to evaluate the efficacy of this traditional Chinese medicine. Aim This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction on cold-dampness arthralgia rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ultrasound and electrophysio Read More

Introduction The maxillary sinuses are air-filled cavities which vary in size and shape. Sinus radiography has been widely used in the determination of the gender of the individual, especially in forensic investigation for human identification and sexing of individuals. The advanced radiographic techniques like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), especially the axial and coronal sections, have been considered as a subtle c Read More

Introduction This study intends to provide a novel Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm for the detection of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) from ultrasound ovarian images. PCOS is an intricate anarchy described by hyperandrogenemia and irregular menstruation. Indian women are increasingly finding reproductive disorders, namely PCOS. Methods The women having PCOS grow more small follicles in their ovari Read More

Objective This study aimed to establish a model based on Multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), and clinical features for predicting different growth patterns of preoperative Invasive Adenocarcinoma (IAC). Methods This retrospective study included 357 patients diagnosed with IAC who underwent surgical treatment. A Read More

Background Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD) is a rare condition, distinguished by its hallmark presentation of regional lymphadenopathy in young adult females. While initially observed to exclusively affect cervical lymph nodes in females under 40 years old, KFD is now known to impact individuals of any age or gender and manifest with adenopathy in various anatomical sites. Nonspecific imaging findings for KFD include Read More

Introduction The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and radiomics improves the management of Prostate Cancer (PCa) and helps in differentiating between clinically insignificant and significant PCa. This study has explored the diagnostic value of radiomic analysis based on functional parameter maps from monoexponential and diffusion kurtosis models in MRI for differentiating between clinically insignificant Read More

Background Three-dimensional (3D) whole-heart magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent tool to check the heart anatomy of patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. However, most 3D whole-heart MRI acquisitions take a long time to perform, and the sequence used is susceptible to banding artifacts. Purpose To validate an unsupervised neural network that can reduce acquisition time and improve imag Read More

Background The permanent canine usually has a single root and a single root canal. A one-rooted canine with two canals or a canine with two roots and two separate canals may also occur at a lower incidence in the permanent dentition. However, bilateral symmetrical mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals are less common. Case Presentation This study reported a lower incidence case of bilateral symmetri Read More

Introduction Multimodal medical image fusion techniques play an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. The process of combining multimodal images involves several challenges depending on the type of modality, transformation techniques, and mapping of structural and metabolic information. Methods Artifacts can form during data acquisition, such as minor movement of patients, or data pre-proces Read More

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic origin that stem from various anatomical sites. Most SFTs are asymptomatic and noticed incidentally by various imaging modalities. Although SFTs were initially identified in the pleura and erroneously considered to originate solely from serosal layers, extrapleural SFTs have been reported more commonly than their pleural Read More

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is a fatal adverse event of immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of methods to identify patients who have a high risk of developing ICI-P in immunotherapy. Purpose We aim at predicting the individualized risk of developing ICI-P by computed tomography (CT) images and deep learning to assist in personalized immunotherapy planning. Methods W Read More

Background Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical ultrasound have rapidly grown in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and visualize global research trends and hotspots of AI in medical ultrasound to provide guidance for further exploitation. Objective This study aims to highlight the global research trends and hotspots of the top 100 most-cited papers related to AI in medical ultrasound by combining q Read More

Purpose This study aimed to verify whether the Liver-to-portal Ratio (LPR) can assess the adequacy of the Hepatobiliary Phase (HBP) for patients with different liver functions. Methods A total of 125 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and graded into the non-cirrhosis group (45), Child-Pugh A group (40), and Child-Pugh B/C group (40). The LPR on HBP was calculated after eight HBPs were obtained within 5-40 min Read More

Introduction Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made significant contributions to diagnosing pneumonia from chest X-ray imaging. However, certain aspects of diagnosis and planning can be further enhanced through the implementation of a Quantum Deep Neural Network (QDNN). Therefore, we introduced a technique that integrates neural networks with quantum algorithms named the ZFNet-quantum neural netw Read More

Objective Challenging HR conditions, such as elevated Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), are major contributors to motion artifacts in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA). This study aims to assess the impact of a deep learning-based motion correction algorithm (MCA) on motion artifacts in patients with challenging HR conditions, focusing on image quality and diagnostic performance of Read More

Objective To verify the multiphase ratio of Computer Tomography-value between the renal cortex and renal medulla, which can be used to concisely evaluate renal function in kidney recipients. Methods Fifty-eight kidney recipients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the Normal group (eGFR≥90 mL/min/1.73m2) and Abnormal group (eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73m2) according to Chronicle Kidney Disease Epide Read More

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of muscle CT radiomics in identifying gout. Materials and Methods A total of 30 gout patients and 20 non-gout cases with CT examinations of ankles were analyzed by using the methods of CT radiomics. CT radiomics features of the soleus muscle were extracted using the software of a 3D slicer, and then gout cases and non-gout cases were compared. The radiomics Read More

Background Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data acquisition includes several sequences that might be optimized to reduce the scan time. Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of gadolinium chelate administration timing on scan duration and image quality in Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted Imaging (T2WI) during abdominal MRI examinations. Methods A prospective study was conduc Read More

Background Accurately modeling respiratory motion in medical images is crucial for various applications, including radiation therapy planning. However, existing registration methods often struggle to extract local features effectively, limiting their performance. Objective In this paper, we aimed to propose a new framework called CvTMorph, which utilizes a Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT) and Convolutional Neural N Read More

Background Patients with malignant tumors often develop bone metastases. SPECT bone scintigraphy is an effective tool for surveying bone metastases due to its high sensitivity, low-cost equipment, and radiopharmaceutical. However, the low spatial resolution of SPECT scans significantly hinders manual analysis by nuclear medicine physicians. Deep learning, a promising technique for automated image analysi Read More

Introduction Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder, which is classified into 3 types according to the affected gastric wall layer. The serosal-type EGE is the least common type. Gastric oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (OCEUS) may show some specific changes in the serosal-type EGE. Herein, we reported OCEUS findings in a serosal-type EGE case. Case Presentation Read More

The most common primary malignant brain tumor is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) diagnosis is difficult. However, image segmentation and registration methods may simplify and automate Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan analysis. Medical practitioners and researchers can better identify and characterize glioblastoma tumors using this technology. Many se Read More

Aim The automatic computer-assisted mammogram classification system is important for women patients to detect and diagnose the cancer regions. In this work, the mammogram images are classified into three cases: healthy, benign and cancer, using the proposed Resource Efficient Convolutional Neural Network (RECNN architecture). Methods The proposed mammogram image classification system consists of Data Read More

Background Capitellar injury (CI) includes capitellar cartilage injury (CCI) and capitellar fracture (CF). A comprehensive classification of CI concurrent with radial head fracture (RHF) that can guide surgical strategy is lacking in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce a comprehensive classification of CI concurrent with RHF and investigate its value. Methods A total of 35 patients with CI concurrent with Read More

Background Mediastinal venous malformation (MVM) and fusiform superior vena cava aneurysm (F-SVCA) are both rare congenital vascular anomalies. Case Presentation A 46-year-old male presented with acute ischemic stroke of unknown etiology. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed the coexistence of MVM and F-SVCA. Diagnostic venography demonstrated a significant reduction in blood flow ve Read More

Introduction Intrahepatic primary osteosarcoma is a rare disease with a very low incidence but a very poor prognosis. A total of 12 cases have been previously reported, and in most of these cases, intra-focal calcification was observed. This paper aims to report a case of non-calcified intrahepatic primary osteosarcoma. Case Description We hereby report a female patient with hepatitis B for 20 years, identified during Read More

Introduction: “Pelvic rib”, “pelvic digit (finger)”, or “eleventh digit (finger)” is a rare congenital anomaly, in which a finger-like bony structure is present in the soft tissue in the pelvic or abdomen (less common) area. Case Presentation: This case report presents a symptomatic “pelvic digit” discovered in a patient referred to the radiology department after prolonged unilateral hip pain, especially during long walks. To our kno Read More

Background Chest X-ray image classification for multiple diseases is an important research direction in the field of computer vision and medical image processing. It aims to utilize advanced image processing techniques and deep learning algorithms to automatically analyze and identify X-ray images, determining whether specific pathologies or structural abnormalities exist in the images. Objective We present the MMPDenseN Read More

Background The neural mechanisms underlying Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss (CSNHL) remain elusive. Objective This study evaluated the function of the glymphatic system in children with CSNHL compared to normal-hearing children using the DTI-ALPS approach, which utilizes diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space. Methods Twenty-six children with CSNHL and 30 age- and sex-matched Healthy C Read More

Background Transcatheter radiofrequency ablation is one of the main treatments for atrial fibrillation, but related complications of this surgery are uncommon. Case Presentation Here, we report a 70-year-old elderly male patient with atrial fibrillation who experienced severe abdominal pain early after undergoing radiofrequency ablation; related imaging examinations suggested that the patient had intestinal edema and thick Read More

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of different MRI sequences regarding the presentation of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP). Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected MRI images of 40 patients who had been pathologically diagnosed with DFSP, including 21 primary tumors and 19 recurrent tumors. The image quality of different MRI sequences Read More

Introduction: Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a painful benign bone tumor. Typically, it causes pain that is most noticeable during the night, which is improved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the treatment of symptomatic lesions, open surgery for nidus removal is the gold standard. However, surgical technical difficulties and morbidities vary by location. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy guided by c Read More

Background Prostate cancer, a significant contributor to male cancer mortality globally, demands improved diagnostic strategies. In Saudi Arabia, where the incidence is expected to double, this study assessed the compliance of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) practices with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) guidelines across diverse healthcare institutions. Methods A survey was distributed to Read More

Aims This study aimed to enhance the existing nursing model in imaging departments by implementing a characteristic seamless nursing care approach and assessing its impact on patient and medical staff satisfaction, nursing quality, examination efficiency, and patient awareness. We hypothesized that the implementation of a seamless nursing care model would be associated with higher patient satisfaction, improved Read More