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61 - 64 of 64 results
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Trends in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds
Authors: Rohit Sharma, Jan Hruska, Lukas Peter, Kristina Randlova and Kamil KucaAvailable online: 13 September 2024More LessChronic wounds remain one of the significant burdens to health across the world, mainly in view of diabetes and its natural consequences. This category of lesions includes pressure ulcers, vascular diseases, and surgery-related wounds, which affect millions and pose a major challenge to the healthcare industry. The paper reviews the various physiological mechanisms of wound healing, factors that impede it, and some new treatments emerging at this moment. In contrast, current developments include surgical and non-surgical alternatives like topical dressings, medicated formulations, and skin substitutes. Advanced wound care today covers tissue-engineered skin substitutes, 3D-printed wound dressings, topical medicated formulations, and growth factor-based therapies. These are non-invasive, biocompatible methods that are cost-effective, user-friendly, and more conducive to natural healing than traditional therapies. Hydrogel dressings have high water content to create a moist environment that encourages healing. They also reflect excellent physicochemical and biological properties, which enhance autolytic debridement and reduction of pain due to the moisture retention, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity conferred. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes, comprising allogeneic or autologous cells, wound-healing enhancement bioengineered allogeneic cellular therapies are like the natural skin and encourage regeneration. 3D printing allows the production of customized dressings to aid in better treatment. Newer therapies, including bioengineered allogeneic cellular therapies and fish skin grafting, require more clinical trials to confirm safety and efficacy. With such innovations in wound healing technologies and therapies, the future looks quite promising in managing chronic wounds, enhancing healing, reducing healthcare expenditure, and promoting a better quality of life for patients.
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Targeting Fructosamine Oxidase (Amadoriase II) in Aspergillus fumigatus: Comprehensive Virtual Screening, ADMET Analysis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Triazole Derivatives
Available online: 12 September 2024More LessIntroductionAspergillus fumigatus, a significant fungal pathogen, poses a threat to human health, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Addressing the need for novel antifungal strategies, this study employs virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors of Fructosamine oxidase, also known as Amadoriase II, a crucial enzyme in A. fumigatus (PDB ID: 3DJE).
MethodVirtual screening of 81,197 triazole derivatives was subjected to computational analysis, aiming to pinpoint molecules with high binding affinity to the active site of Fructosamine oxidase. Subsequently, an in-depth ADMET analysis assessed the pharmacokinetic properties of lead compounds, ensuring their viability for further development. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the stability of top-ranked compounds over time.
ResultsThe results unveil a subset of triazole derivatives displaying promising interactions, suggesting their potential as inhibitors for further investigation.
ConclusionThis approach contributes to the development of targeted antifungal agents, offering a rational starting point for experimental validation and drug development against Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
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Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for Tumor Dynamics and Therapeutic Strategies
Available online: 11 September 2024More LessThis review offers an in-depth analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), emphasizing their significant impact on tumor dynamics and potential therapeutic strategies. CSCs are a special subpopulation due to their unique capabilities for self-renewal, differentiation, and resistance to conventional therapies. Given that CSCs significantly differ from other tumor cell subpopulations, particularly in their metabolic properties, and considering that colorectal cancer is a malignancy characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, this review aims to put together existing data on the differences in the mitochondrial genome of CSCs compared to other colorectal tumor cell subpopulations. Additionally, the review seeks to explore the potential roles of these differences and to identify new ideas for therapeutic strategies. Key topics include the identification and properties of CSCs in colorectal cancer, the distinctive features of the mitochondrial genome, and the functional consequences of mtDNA mutations. The review hypothesizes that CSCs rely on well-functioning mitochondria for crucial aspects like energy production; yet, mtDNA mutations can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, altering CSC characteristics and influencing cancer progression. The article discusses emerging therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial function in colorectal CSCs and highlights the need for advanced research, including the development of preclinical models and exploration of targeted therapies, to improve the understanding and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Potential Targets for the Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Ethanol-induced Damage in Rat Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Olga Krestinina, Roman Krestinin, Irina Odinokova, Linda Sotnikova and Yulia BaburinaAvailable online: 30 August 2024More LessBackgroundAlcohol intoxication leads to multiple degenerative disorders in the structure and function of mitochondria. The mechanisms underlying these disorders, as well as ways to prevent them, are an urgent task in biomedicine. We investigate the mechanism of the positive effect of AX on rat liver mitochondria after chronic alcohol administration and suggest the targets of its effects. In this work, we continued our studies of astaxanthin (AX) as a possible protector of mitochondria from the toxic effects of ethanol.
MethodIn our experiments, we used the Lieber-DeCarly model of chronic alcohol intoxication, which allows high-dose alcohol intake. Four groups of animals were used in the experiments: group 1 (control), group 2 (treated with AX), group 3 (treated with ethanol), and group 4 (treated with ethanol and AX together). Rat liver mitochondria (RLM) were isolated by the standard method modified in our laboratory. A multifunctional chamber with built-in electrodes was used to determine mitochondrial functions. Electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis was used to detect mitochondrial proteins. Statistical significance was calculated using t-test Student-Newman- Keuls test.
ResultAX has been shown to have a positive effect on the functioning of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), the regulation of signaling pathways, as well as mitochondrial dynamics. It was found that AX is able to suppress the degenerative effect of alcohol on liver mitochondria. Targets for the protective action of AX in rat liver mitochondria (RLM) have been proposed.
ConclusionThe discovered protective effect of AX on liver mitochondria during alcohol damage may contribute to the development of new strategies for the treatment of alcohol-induced damage
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