Current Nanomedicine - Online First

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most prevalent cancer among women and can originate from the tubes, connective tissue, and lobules of the breast. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the significant advancement in the development of receptor-targeted nanotherapy for the management of metastatic breast cancer. These innovative systems directly target the specific cancer cell receptor to enhance the precision and effectiveness of the treatment. Inadequate therapy and incorrect diagnosis in conventional treatment have contributed to the rising mortality rate from breast cancer. BC that has spread to another organ in the body, commonly called Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) or Stage IV metastases, is an aggressive and heterogeneous illness that decreases the prognosis. The current treatment methods for MBC are similar to initial-stage breast cancer, which involve hormonal surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy with poor specificity and invasive. Moreover, treating MBC is more difficult because the cancer cells varies depending on the organ. Nanotechnology provides valuable insights for treating MBC that enable the early identification of tumor cells. Moreover, it can also transport therapeutic agents directly to the targeted sites while reducing the toxicity to healthy tissue. Due to its multifunctional, programmable, and trackable properties, future research and treatment may succeed with nanotechnology-based imaging and therapy. The present study summarizes an overview of nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods (NDDM) and receptor-targeting nanotherapy (RTN) that are applied in MBC therapy to gain attention in clinical applications. Clinical trial studies have also been discussed along with receptor-targeting nanomedicine and the status of the most relevant patent.

The greatest and most noticeable organ in the body is the skin. The stratum corneum, or top layer of skin, acts as a vital barrier to prevent skin penetration for many drugs. To overcome this barrier, numerous nanocarrier frameworks have been developed, which are important for the functioning of active agents. Vascular systems known as invasomes contain low levels of ethanol as well as terpenes or terpene combinations, which have a higher skin penetration rate and function as potential carriers. Improved drug delivery via the skin using a carrier that can penetrate these barriers presents a wide range of difficulties and possibilities for further study and the creation of new and better treatment options. The main objective of an invasome-based delivery system is to significantly improve patient compliance and therapeutic value, in addition to bolstering the safety and efficacy of the drug. This article gives a summary of the synthesis process, invasome characterizations, penetration mechanisms, and applications. This review paper also includes phospholipids and their classification. Phospholipids are present in the cell membrane and provide ceramide, a bioactive molecule that moisturizes skin and protects against environmental damage in transdermal drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical studies demonstrate that many drug molecules have less solubility, stability, bioavailability, and penetrating power. Invasomes represent a novel dosage form with promising properties for enhancing transdermal drug delivery.

In recent years, there have been exciting developments in improving how we deliver anaesthesia through the skin. Nanotechnology is a key player, using tiny particles to encapsulate and transport anaesthetic agents, ensuring a controlled and steady release. This helps overcome challenges like inconsistent absorption and short-lasting effects seen with traditional methods. Transdermal patches are gaining attention too; they release drugs slowly and steadily, eliminating the need for frequent reapplication while maintaining a constant drug level at the application site. Smart polymers are bringing innovation by responding to specific triggers, enabling on-demand drug release. This allows for personalized anaesthesia based on individual patient needs. In recent years, there have been exciting developments in improving how we deliver anaesthesia through the skin. Nanotechnology is a key player, using tiny particles to encapsulate and transport anaesthesia agents, ensuring a controlled and steady release. This helps overcome challenges like inconsistent absorption and other short-lasting effects seen with traditional methods. Microemulsion systems, made of water, oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants, are another promising approach. They enhance drug solubility and availability, providing a stable environment for including anaesthesia agents. Transdermal patches are gaining attention too; they release drugs slowly and steadily, eliminating the need for frequent reapplication and maintaining a constant drug level at the application site. Smart polymers are bringing innovation by responding to specific triggers, enabling on-demand drug release. This allows for personalized anaesthesia based on individual patient needs. Together, these advancements mark a significant shift towards more effective, patient-friendly, and personalized topical anaesthesia delivery systems.

The unveiled properties of a wide variety of engineered nano assembly materials, such as nanostructures and quantum dots groups in cell biology and physiology, reveal desired interactivity at a fundamental molecular level. The vast progress in therapeutic strategies developed for nanoscale measurement and manipulation, which have functional nanostructures for sensing and modulating, entails specific interactions with neurons and glial cells without the need for genetic modification. The current tempo trend for the advancement of technologies is promising and fast- forward. The present opinion seeks to map the function of nano-enabled neural interfaces that have proven their potential in technological advancements in electronics and energy harvesting to biomedicine.

Liver diseases pose a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in developing nations, often induced by chemical exposure and high drug doses. Hepatic toxicity not only affects liver function but also extends to adjacent tissues, leading to diminished overall body function and necessitating effective treatment strategies. Despite modern medical advancements, stimulating liver function, protecting against damage, and promoting cell regeneration remain challenging tasks. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), notably nanoemulsions, present promising avenues for addressing hepatic disorders. Nanoemulsions, characterized by biphasic dispersions of immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants, possess unique drug-loading capabilities and viscoelastic properties that render them ideal candidates for liver-related conditions. However, their development, manufacturing, and manipulation for hepatic disorders are constrained by the partial applicability of conventional emulsion principles. This comprehensive review delves into various aspects of liver function, disease types, nanoemulsions, associated limitations and challenges, ongoing clinical trials, patents, and their inherent advantages. By shedding light on recent advancements in Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management, the review aims to illuminate the potential of tailored drug delivery systems in revolutionizing hepatic disease management. Exploring Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management signifies a crucial step toward offering targeted and efficient treatment modalities for liver diseases. Harnessing the unique capabilities of nanoemulsions could lead to significant improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life, thereby addressing the pressing global health concern posed by hepatic disorders.