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- Volume 23, Issue 42, 2017
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 23, Issue 42, 2017
Volume 23, Issue 42, 2017
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Epilepsy, Theories and Treatment Inside Corpus Hippocraticum
An archaic surgical procedure, the skull trepanning, was introduced in ancient Greece to treat brain derangement, and endured until the 18th century with the same use. Hippocrates recognized epilepsy as a common entity and categorized it as a brain disorder, removing any divine origin. He proposed that the excess of black bile and mucus is due to the infiltration of air inside the blood circulation (veins). For him it was a h Read More
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Epilepsy and Neurosurgery: Historical Highlights
Epilepsy has been known since antiquity and trepanation has been documented as a therapeutic option. The Greek born physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia (2nd century BC) was the first to recommend trepanation for the treatment of refractory epilepsy to drugs, pointing out the efficacy of the method (Fig. 1). Trepanation was practiced throughout the Middle Ages, as it is proved by the book of “Quattuor Magistri” and during Read More
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Seizures and Antiepileptic Drugs: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice
Authors: Nihan Carcak and Cigdem OzkaraRecurrent, spontaneous seizure activity caused by abnormal neuronal firing in the brain is a hallmark of epilepsy, a common chronic neurological disorder. Recent research that has expanded the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate neuronal excitability and network activity in the brain provides the development and discovery of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). AED therapy starts with the selection Read More
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Novel Treatment and New Drugs in Epilepsy Treatment
Authors: Elissavet Eskioglou, Matthieu P. Perrenoud, Philippe Ryvlin and Jan NovyWe now get benefit from more than 20 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the care of people with epilepsy. Newer generation of AED is associated with a more favourable tolerability profile than older generation AEDs which makes them easier to use, despite similar efficacy. In order to define the place of newer generation AEDs in the therapy, we review here the main current guidelines about their use for a special issue concernin Read More
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Efficacy, Duration and Timing of Withdrawal of Prophylactic Treatment with Antiepileptic Drugs in Neurosurgical Conditions
Authors: Daniel R. Calnan, Erin D'Agostino, Matthew R. Reynolds and Kimon BekelisSeizure control is a critical component of care in many neurosurgical conditions. The development of seizures in patients without a previously identified seizure disorder occurs in a significant proportion of traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and brain tumor patients. In this literature review and synthesis, we will discuss the incidence of seizures in selected conditions, indications and evidence for the initiation Read More
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The Prophylactic Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Patients Scheduled for Neurosurgery
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) possess diverse mechanisms of action – enhancement of GABA-mediated events, inhibition of glutamate-mediated excitation, blockade of voltage-dependent sodium or calcium channels being the most frequently shared. They are not only used for the symptomatic management of epilepsy but in the treatment of psychiatric or neurologic disorders (e.g. bipolar disorder, neuropathic pai Read More
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Antiepileptics for Post-Traumatic Seizure Prophylaxis after Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health concern plagued by high rates of mortality and significant long-term disability in many survivors. Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are not uncommon following TBI, both in the early (within 7 days post-injury) and late (after 7 days post-injury) period. Due to the potential of PTS to exacerbate secondary injury following TBI and the possibility of developing post-traumatic e Read More
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Antiepileptic Drugs for Preventing Seizures in Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Pedro M. Branco, Bernardo Oliveira Ratilal, Joao Costa and Cristina SampaioChronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is an accumulation of blood within the intracranial subdural space. It is associated with minor traumatic events and affects mostly the elderly. CSH can be effectively treated surgically with good outcomes, although the recurrence rate is high. Epileptic seizures are one of the major complications associated with CSH, either in the pre or postoperative period. The incidence rate of new onset seizu Read More
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Anti-epileptic Drug (AED) Use in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) and Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)
Authors: Rui Feng, Justin Mascitelli, Alexander G. Chartrain, Konstantinos Margetis and J. MoccoAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are frequently associated with epileptic complications. The use of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) for seizure prophylaxis, however, is controversial. In patients with aSAH, nonconvulsive status epilepticus has been associated with poor outcome. Effect of other forms of less severe epileptiform activity on clinical outcome remain Read More
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Antiepileptic Treatment Strategy in Vascular Malformations
Background: Antiepileptic treatment strategy plays an important role in the management of intracranial vascular malformations. The intracranial vascular malformations can be divided into cavernous hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations, developmental venous anomalies and capillary telangiectasias. Seizures and hemorrhage are among their most common clinical manifestations. Objective: The aim of this article is to r Read More
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Seizures and Anticonvulsants in Brain Tumours: Frequency, Mechanisms and Anti-Epileptic Management
Authors: Charles Vecht, Louis Royer-Perron, Caroline Houillier and Gilles HuberfeldIn cancer, epilepsy can be the manifestation of a primary brain tumour, metastatic disease, vascular or surgical complications, opportunistic infection or secondary to anti-tumour therapy. Seizures are frequently the first symptom of a brain tumour. The epilepsy is related to elevated extracellular glutamate stimulating NMDAand AMPA-receptors and to the formation of D-2HG which resembles glutamate in IDH1 mutat Read More
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The Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Paediatric Neurosurgical Conditions
Background: Epileptic seizures are a relatively common problem in pediatric neurosurgery that can have physical, mental and/or behavioral implications. Pediatric neurosurgery is involved in the treatment of secondary epilepsy, which is mainly associated with brain tumors, traumatic brain injury and intracranial vascular malformations. Objective: The aim of this article is to review the current literature for commonly u Read More
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AED Strategy after Refractory Epilepsy Surgery
More LessPost-epilepsy surgery antiepileptic drug discontinuation (AED) practices remain unclear and little evidence about the optimum timing exists. In the present study, we reviewed the types of surgery for epilepsy and their outcome. The current concepts for discontinuation of AED after surgery are presented and all contributing factors that should be taken into consideration are discussed.
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Current Surgical Options for Patients with Epilepsy
Surgery for epilepsy dates back to 1886 and has undergone significant developments. Today it is considered a key treatment modality in patients who are resistant to pharmacological intervention. It improves seizure control, cognition and quality of life. New technologies, advances in surgical technique and progress in scientific research underlie the expansion of surgery in epilepsy treatment. Effectiveness of surgical treatmen Read More
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Intraoperative Seizures: Anesthetic and Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Alberto Uribe, Alix Zuleta-Alarcon, Mahmoud Kassem, Gurneet S. Sandhu and Sergio D. BergeseBackground: Epilepsy is a common condition with up to 1% prevalence in the general population. In the perioperative course of neurologic surgery patients, the use of prophylactic and therapeutic antiepileptic drugs is a common practice. Nonetheless, there is limited evidence supporting the use of prophylactic antiepileptics to prevent perioperative seizures and there are no guidelines for which anesthetic technique is preferr Read More
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Antiepileptic Drugs in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care
Authors: Panayiotis N. Varelas and Mathew JonesThe etiology of seizures in the Neurosurgical/Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can be categorized as emanating from either primary brain pathology, at either macro- or microscopic level, or from physiological derangements of critical care illness such as toxic or metabolic abnormalities. Particular etiologies at risk for seizures include ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and traumatic brain injury. The use of pro Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
- Issue 46
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- Issue 1
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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