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- Volume 23, Issue 4, 2017
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 23, Issue 4, 2017
Volume 23, Issue 4, 2017
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Hot Topics in Pharmacotherapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani and Srinivas R. SaddaBackground: The preferred approach for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is frequent intravitreal injections of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. However, considering the limitations of current anti-VEGF approaches, including the need for frequent injections, inadequate response in some patients, and a relatively short duration of effect, several new therapeutic m Read More
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Hot Topics in Dry AMD
Authors: Raja Narayanan and Baruch D. KuppermannBackground: The global prevalence of AMD is projected to be 196 million by the year 2020. Despite substantial progress in the development of new therapies for wet AMD using inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the severe visual impairment associated with geographic atrophy in dry AMD remains untreatable. A number of therapeutic options for dry AMD are being developed and are in various stages of Read More
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Hot Topics in Pharmacogenetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Stephen G. Schwartz, Milam A. Brantley, Jaclyn L. Kovach and Andrzej GrzybowskiAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss and is primarily treated with nutritional supplementation as well as with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for certain patients with neovascular disease. AMD is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. In addition, treatment outcomes from nutritional supplementation and anti-VEGF agents vary co Read More
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Hot Topics in Perioperative Antibiotics for Cataract Surgery
Background: Acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of cataract surgery. Since there are relatively few randomized clinical trials comparing the timing and administration of prophylactic antibiotics, there are wide variations in prevention practices around the world. Methods: Literature review. Results: Antibiotics may be used before surgery, during surgery, or after surgery Read More
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Dropless Cataract Surgery: An Overview
More LessRisk reduction and the attainment of good outcomes in contemporary cataract surgery depend in part on patient compliance with a postoperative regimen of topical eye drops. Topical drops are expensive and challenging to instill properly for patients. The consequences of noncompliance or poor compliance can be significant for the patient (in the case of a complication) and for society (in the case of development of antibioti Read More
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Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis in Cataract Surgery: Overview of Current Practice Patterns Around the World
Authors: Andrzej Grzybowski, Stephen G. Schwartz, Kazuki Matsuura, Stephan O. Tone, Steve Arshinoff, Jonathon Q. Ng, Jay J. Meyer, Wu Liu, Soosan Jacob, Mark Packer, Rifna Lutfiamida, Sjakon Tahija, Paul Roux, Boris Malyugin, Julio A. Urrets-Zavalia, Nicolas Crim, Evangelina Esposito, Pablo Daponte, Fernando Pellegrino, Enrique O. Graue-Hernandez, Aida Jimenez-Corona, Jorge E. Valdez-Garcia, Julio C. Hernandez-Camarena, Nidhi Relhan, Harry W. Flynn, Ravilla D. Ravindran and Anders BehndingBackground: Acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery remains a rare but important cause of visual loss. There is no global consensus regarding the optimal strategies for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis and practices vary substantially around the world, especially with respect to the use of intracameral antibiotics. The European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons in a randomized clinical trial (200 Read More
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Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Endophthalmitis Using Povidone-Iodine
Authors: Hiroyuki Shimada, Hiroyuki Nakashizuka and Andrzej GrzybowskiPostoperative endophthalmitis is typically caused by patient’s conjunctival bacterial flora or contaminated solutions and instruments. Visual outcome is often poor in severe cases, and treatment is especially difficult when endophthalmitis is caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. Povidone-iodine is used worldwide due to its wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity, absence of resistant bacteria to povidone-iodine, and l Read More
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An Updated Review on the Most Common Agents Causing Toxic Optic Neuropathies
More LessBackground: Toxic optic neuropathies (TONs) often present with a gradual and bilateral decrease in visual acuity, scotomas and optic disc pallor. Obtaining an accurate history is the critical first step in determining the etiology of TONs. Methods: This updated review contains a thorough analysis of the current PubMed-indexed literature on the most common agents responsible for TONs, including methanol, ethambutol, a Read More
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Glaucoma: Hot Topics in Pharmacology
Background: Glaucoma comprises a group of neurodegenerative diseases resulting in retinal ganglion cell death within the optic nerve head. It is projected to affect almost 80 million people worldwide by 2020. The condition’s asymptomatic nature translates to over half of glaucoma sufferers being unaware of their condition. By the time of diagnosis, irreversible blindness is likely to have occurred. Prime areas of glaucoma res Read More
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Hot Topics in Dry Eye Disease
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms such as discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. The principal pathological mechanisms of DED are hyperosmolarity and inflammation. These mechanisms are deeply interrelated and lead to a self-perpetuating “vicious circle”. Methods: Read More
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Treatment of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Rustum Karanjia, Jasdeep Chahal, Michael Ammar and Alfredo A. SadunLeber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare mitochondrial disease of complex I of the respiratory chain. Patients typically present with subacute vision loss in one eye followed by the loss of vision in the second eye approximately 4-8 weeks later, ultimately leading to blindness. Therapeutic interventions have so far failed to prevent this vision loss; however, there has been recent interest in new managements fo Read More
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Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part I. Anterior Eye Segment Pathologies
Authors: Malgorzata Nita and Andrzej GrzybowskiBackground: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health and is one of the leading causes of preventable mortality worldwide, associated with lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease and cardiovascular disease. Aim: The analysis of the influence of tobacco smoking on pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in adults and children. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature performed throu Read More
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Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part II. Retina Diseases, Uveitis, Optic Neuropathies, Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy
Authors: MaŦ#130;gorzata Nita and Andrzej GrzybowskiBackground: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health. Aim: The analysis of influence of tobacco smoking on retina diseases, uveitis, optic neuropathies, and thyroidassociated orbitopathy in adults and children. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2000-2016. Results: In adults, tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor for ag Read More
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Targeting the Hedgehog Pathway for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Vivian T. Yin and Bita EsmaeliBasal cell caricnoma (BCC), the most common periocular magliancy, is treated with complete surgical excision. However, in patients not amenable to surgery or when surgical resection means loss of vital organs or disfiguring procedures due to locally advanced or metastatic disease, targeting the hedgehog pathway offers a novel treatment approach for such patients. Mutation in PTCH1 and SMO has been identified in patients Read More
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The Role of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Naoki Okumura, Shigeru Kinoshita and Noriko KoizumiBackground: The cornea is transparent tissue that serves as the window of the eye, allowing light to enter from the outer environment. The corneal endothelium maintains corneal transparency; thus, its dysfunction results in corneal haziness and causes severe vision loss. The only available therapeutic choice for treating corneal endothelial dysfunction has been transplantation using donor corneas; consequently, researcher Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
- Issue 46
- Issue 45
- Issue 44
- Issue 43
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- Issue 12
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- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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