Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 23, Issue 18, 2017

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) belong to a novel class of antiretroviral agents that have emerged as the new first-line treatments. Three such compounds are currently available, raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir and two more under development, bictegravir and cabotegravir. These compounds share the same mode of action but exhibit different pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic properties, an Read More

Background: The impact of the global economic crisis on HIV-related access and care remains unclear. The objective of this systematic review of the literature was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and HIV diagnosis, and adherence to treatment, following the 2008 global economic crisis. Method: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus for studies published between January 2008 and October 20 Read More

HIV remains an important public health issue worldwide. However, new prevention approaches have recently been developed and are very promising. Antiretroviral treatment as prevention, or as a prophylaxis after exposure to HIV, has been shown to reduce the likelihood of HIV acquisition. Over the last years, animal studies and randomized clinical trials in humans showed that antiretrovirals can also be efficacio Read More

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is susceptible to pathologies that impact the myocardium directly, such as myocardial infarction and consequent heart failure, as well as conditions with indirect cardiac effects, such as cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity. As the contractile cells of the heart, cardiomyocytes are essential for normal cardiac function. Various stress stimuli may r Read More

Influenza A virus is one of the major human pathogens. The influenza infection can pass out without any subclinical symptoms or infestation can appear in upper respiratory tract as well as in lower respiratory tract where it can result in lethal outcome. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated shortly after infection providing protection against infection. Many activities of the cells of innate and adaptive i Read More

Cell-based tolerogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells have been particularly explored in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders in experimental models of disease. Although some of these cells have already been tested in a limited number of clinical trials, there is still a need for preclinical research o Read More

The high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, especially in developing countries, the resurgence of TB in industrialized countries, and the global increase in the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex infections in immunocompromised hosts have prompted the quest for novel antimycobacterial drugs. However, the development of such antimicrobial chemotherapeutics is currently making very slow progress ev Read More

Background:Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a metabolic enzyme strongly involved in processes including cytoprotection, modulation of inflammatory response, anti-oxidative functions, regulation of cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, cardiovascular homeostasis, and immuno-modulation. HO-1 induction and/or activation is able to counterbalance, at least in part, oxidative stress and inflammation. For this reason, HO-1 can be re Read More

There is no doubt about the whole cell pertussis vaccine efficacy, but it is necessary to improve the vaccine quality specially to decrease its toxicity by obtaining good immunogenicity with low bacterial content. In this work, under optimum condition inactivated B. pertussis bacteria cells entrapped with alginate microparticles were fabricated and in vivo immunogenicity and ptency of new microparticle based vaccine were Read More

Parkinsonian-like state was generated in mice by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to study the effects of Atremorine in Parkinson's disease (PD) related neuropathology and behavior deficits. This devastating disease is caused by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Numerous therapeutic strategies have been developed to protect neuron Read More

Background: Light delivery in photodynamic therapy is a challenging issue in deep cancer treatment. To solve this problem, photosensitizers are conjugated to X-ray luminescent nanoparticles. When the complexes are stimulated by X-rays during radiotherapy, the nanoparticles generate light and activate the photosensitizers. Method: Core-shell molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared against mitoxantrone (MX) i Read More