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- Volume 23, Issue 28, 2017
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 23, Issue 28, 2017
Volume 23, Issue 28, 2017
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Role of Host Factors on the Regulation of Tat-Mediated HIV-1 Transcription
Authors: Guillaume Mousseau and Susana T. ValenteBackground: The viral transactivator Tat protein is a key modulator of HIV-1 replication, as it regulates transcriptional elongation from the integrated proviral genome. Tat recruits the human transcription elongation factor b, and other host proteins, such as the super elongation complex, to activate the cellular RNA polymerase II, normally stalled shortly after transcription initiation at the HIV promoter. By means Read More
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The Tat/P-TEFb Protein-Protein Interaction Determining Transcriptional Activation of HIV
Authors: Kaori Asamitsu and Takashi OkamotoHuman immunodeficiency virus type (HIV) transcription is crucial for its life cycle and is primarily involved in the maintenance of viral latency. HIV transcription is regulated by both viral and cellular transcription factors. Numerous epigenetic factors, as well as transcriptional suppressor proteins, play major roles in the maintenance of transcriptional silencing of viral gene expression from the proviral DNA. Once inducible Read More
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The HIV-1 Tat Protein: Mechanism of Action and Target for HIV-1 Cure Strategies
More LessThe general mechanism involved in Tat activation of RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) elongation of the integrated HIV-1 was elucidated over 20 years ago. This mechanism involves Tat binding to the TAR RNA element that forms at the 5'; end of viral transcripts and recruiting a general RNAP II elongation factor termed as PTEFb. This elongation factor consists of CDK9 and Cyclin T1, and when recruited by Tat to TAR RNA, CDK9 Read More
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The Relevance of Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms in HIV Latency Reversal
Authors: Ambra Sarracino and Alessandro MarcelloBackground: Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus has become a treatable disease, which could not be cured because the virus persists in the face of an efficacious drug treatment. Current efforts for the rescue of replication-competent virus from cellular reservoirs are limited to drugs targeting transcriptional reactivation of the dormant virus and clinical trials so far are disappointing. One explanation could be tha Read More
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Recent Advances in Targeting the HIV-1 Tat/TAR Complex
Authors: Fardokht A. Abulwerdi and Stuart F.J. Le GriceFollowing seminal discoveries by Rosen and co-workers in 1985, the HIV-1 TAR has emerged as one of the most extensively studied regulatory elements of the HIV-1 genome. Located adjacent to the long terminal repeat promoter, this cis-acting motif, in conjunction with the viral Tat protein, plays a critical role in viral genomic RNA synthesis via modification of the transcription complex. As such, the Tat/TAR axis has b Read More
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Protein Phosphatase-1 - targeted Small Molecules, Iron Chelators and Curcumin Analogs as HIV-1 Antivirals
Authors: Xionghao Lin, Tatyana Ammosova, Namita Kumari and Sergei NekhaiBackground: Despite efficient suppression of HIV-1 replication, current antiviral drugs are not able to eradicate HIV-1 infection. Permanent HIV-1 suppression or complete eradication requires novel biological approaches and therapeutic strategies. Our previous studies showed that HIV-1 transcription is regulated by host cell protein phosphatase-1. We also showed that HIV-1 transcription is sensitive to the reduction of intr Read More
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HIV-1 Transcription Inhibitors Increase the Synthesis of Viral Non-Coding RNA that Contribute to Latency
Background: HIV-1 can be preserved in long-lived resting CD4+ T- and myeloid cells, forming a viral reservoir in tissues of the infected individuals. Infected patients primarily receive cART, which, to date, is the most efficient treatment against HIV/AIDS. However, the major problem in the eradication of HIV-1 from patients is the lack of therapeutic approaches to recognize the latent HIV-1 provirus and to eliminate latently i Read More
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Neuroglial Cell Cryopreservation in Appropriate Inductive Conditions
Authors: Rosa M. Gomez, Maria A. Dominguez-Sanchez, Magdy Y. Sanchez and George E. BarretoAn ability to store cells (if they cannot be used fresh) reduces cell wastage, thereby increasing the supply of transplantable material. Cell storage is also valuable in scientific research, allowing material to be archived and experiments to be repeated from the same tissue source and facilitating research collaboration by allowing stored samples to be distributed. Cryopreservation is currently considered the most promising and su Read More
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Nanotechnology in Neurosciences: An Approach
The use of nanotechnology in neurosciences has been evolving since new treatments, diagnoses and biomolecule monitoring are needed to find safer treatments for central nervous system diseases (CNDs). Nanotechnology employs devices that interact with biological systems allowing molecular interactions with a high degree of specificity. This review considers concepts associated with nanotechnology and leading are Read More
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Adiponectin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hanuma K. Karnati, Manas Kumar Panigrahi, Yazhou Li, David Tweedie and Nigel H. GreigAdipokines are bioactive proteins that mediate proliferation, metabolism, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Adiponectin is an important adipokine that exerts multiple key functions via its anti-metabolic syndrome and anti-inflammatory properties. A number of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and T-cadherin, have been identified. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of adiponectin and receptors in several c Read More
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Medicinal Plants as Protective Strategies Against Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region. An important mechanism contributing to its development is oxidative stress, induced by the imbalance between the endogenous antioxidant defenses and free radicals production. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds exhibit high antioxidant capacity that may help reducing oxidativ Read More
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Approaches of the Transcriptomic Analysis in Astrocytes: Potential Pharmacological Targets
Astrocytes are important glial cells involved in the ionic regulation of the extracellular fluid in the Central Nervous System (CNS), the formation of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the support to neurons for the maintenance of the Krebs cycle intermediaries. Even though these cells are known to be important for the brain functioning, several of their functions and their development have not been fully elucidated. In this context Read More
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Biotin and Glutathione Targeting of Solid Nanoparticles to Cross Human Brain Endothelial Cells
Background: The blood-brain barrier restricts drug penetration to the central nervous system. Targeted nanocarriers are new potential tools to increase the brain entry of drugs. Ligands of endogenous transporters of the blood-brain barrier can be used as targeting vectors for brain delivery of nanoparticles. Objective: We tested biotin-labeled solid nanoparticles for the first time and compared to biotinylated glutathione- label Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
- Issue 46
- Issue 45
- Issue 44
- Issue 43
- Issue 42
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- Issue 28
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- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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