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- Volume 23, Issue 10, 2017
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 23, Issue 10, 2017
Volume 23, Issue 10, 2017
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Hormonal Regulation of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Cardio-metabolic Diseases
Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential biochemical, cardio-metabolic risk marker. The production of NO is catalyzed by different isoforms of enzymes, NO synthases (NOS). An altered NO level is associated with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Activity of NOS and NO production are regulated by various hormones under physiological and pathophysiological condition. Methods: D Read More
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Potential Role for Dendritic Cells in Endothelial Dysfunction, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Astrid Parenti, Laura Pala, Sara Paccosi and Carlo Maria RotellaBackground: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a pathophysiological mechanism present in patients affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) supporting the development of cardiovascular disease. Among immune- and inflammatory cells accelerating atherosclerosis, dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role, however their pathogenetic mechanism has not been fully clarified, at present. The aim of our review is to explore the relationship Read More
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Vascular Remodelling in Well-controlled Hypertensive Patients: The Challenge of Residual Risk Management
Authors: Massimo Puato, Chiara Nardin, Marta Zanon, Paolo Palatini, Paolo Pauletto and Marcello RattazziBackground: Residual cardiovascular risk (RCVR) is an emerging issue in the clinical and therapeutic management of patients affected by hypertension. In fact, a number of clinical studies showed that even in case of optimal blood pressure (BP) control, the hypertensive patients still carry a sizeable increase in the CV risk as compared to normotensive individuals. Methods: We will review the clinical evidence about the Read More
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Metabolic and Cardiovascular Actions of Nesfatin-1: Implications in Health and Disease
Authors: Naresh Ramesh, Kavishankar Gawli, Venkata Kiran Pasupulleti and Suraj UnniappanBackground: Metabolic homeostasis is achieved by proper functioning of a complex endocrine milieu, comprising of signals arising from the brain and peripheral tissues. Our knowledge of the factors regulating such balance is rapidly evolving, as new signaling molecules are being characterized. Of central interest is nesfatin-1, owing to its multifunctional tissue specific actions regulating food intake, body weight, blo Read More
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Synergistic Interaction Between Heme Oxygenase (HO) and Nuclear-Factor E2- Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) against Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Related Diseases
More LessBackground: Nuclear factor-erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of transcriptional activation of anti-oxidants in cells. Similarly, heme oxygenase (HO) is a cytoprotective protein with anti-oxidant effects. This review article will shed more light on the interaction between Nrf2 and HO. Methods and Results: A PubMed search was done for recent articles on Nrf2 and HO. These studies suggested that under norma Read More
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Sex Differences in Type-2 Diabetes: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Management
Authors: Valeria Raparelli, Susanna Morano, Flavia Franconi, Andrea Lenzi and Stefania BasiliBackground: Among individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Sex and gender differences (SGDs) in the cardiovascular consequences of T2DM are relevant suggesting the need for a more aggressive CVD preventive strategy in diabetic women as they lose the so-called "female advantage" in terms of CVD risk comparing with the nondiabetic populatio Read More
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The Effect of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9 and its Inhibition on Glucose Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk. We Should do Better the Second Time After Statins
Background: Statins remain the cornerstone of hypolipidaemic drug treatment. However, statins exert adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Given that new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) and worsening of glucose control in patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, it would be of great interest to investigate if this is also the case for prop Read More
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Anti-PCSK9 Antibodies: A New Era in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Joel Schmitz and Ioanna Gouni-BertholdThe serine protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and directs it to lysosomal degradation. This results in decreased numbers of LDLR available on the cell surface to bind LDL particles and remove them from the circulation which in turn leads to an increase in circulating LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Since the role PCSK9 plays in LDLC m Read More
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The Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in the Management of Dyslipidemia
More LessBackground: Treatment with statins substantially reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality both in patients with and without established cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, statins represent the cornerstone of lipid-lowering treatment. However, there are still unmet clinical needs in the management of dyslipidemia. Indeed, it is difficult to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets in many patients, pa Read More
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Proteoglycans and Diabetes
More LessBackground: Most proteoglycans are heterogeneous molecules composed of a protein core with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached. GAGs are highly negatively charged molecules that readily bind to enzymes, growth factors, cytokines etc. and as such have many functions. The role played by proteoglycans in diabetes has only recently been investigated. Methods: The importance of proteoglycans and the effects of diabetes Read More
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SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive and Critical Review of the Literature
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Despite the vast pharmaceutical armamentarium, current therapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were unable to provide consistent cardiovascular benefits, apart for metformin. The newest antidiabetic class of drugs, the SGLT-2 inhibitors, seem to provide significant survival benefits. The aim of this review is to present availa Read More
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Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i): Their Role in Cardiometabolic Risk Management
Authors: Niki Katsiki, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis and Michael J. TheodorakisBackground: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel category of oral antidiabetic drugs that inhibit renal glucose reabsorption and increase renal glucose excretion, thus lowering plasma glucose levels. This unique mechanism of SGLT2i action is insulin independent, thus improving glycemic control without promoting hypoglycemia in the absence of exogenously administered insulin. Met Read More
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Progranulin, a New Adipokine at the Crossroads of Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia and Hypertension
Authors: Agnieszka Korolczuk and Jerzy BeŦ#130;towskiBackground: Progranulin is a multifunctional regulatory protein with growth-promoting, neuroprotective and antiinflammatory activities. Recent studies indicate that progranulin is one of the adipose tissue hormones (adipokines). Progranulin expression in visceral adipose tissue and circulating progranulin concentration are increased in obesity and hyperprogranulinemia is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-assoc Read More
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Novel Drugs for Hypertension and Heart Failure: Struggling for a Place Under the Sun
Backgound: Current drug therapy for the management of arterial hypertension and heart failure has provided substantial benefits but has also some limitations. LCZ696, a dual inhibitor of angiotensin receptor blockers and neprilysin, and finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, are two recently developed novel agents for the management of these conditions. Methods: This review aims to pr Read More
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Regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase by Estradiol and IGF-1 in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases
Background: The sodium/potassium- adenosine- triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) is an important mediator in vasculature tone and contractility, and its abnormal regulation has been implicated in many diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertension. Decreased Na+/K+-ATPase abundance and its altered isoform expression induce cardiomyocytes death and cardiac dysfunction, possibly leading to Read More
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Apolipoprotein(a) Antisense Oligonucleotides: A New Treatment Option for Lowering Elevated Lipoprotein(a)?
Authors: Julia Schreml and Ioanna Gouni-BertholdBackground: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a particle similar to LDL that contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Recent epidemiologic and Mendelian randomization studies have provided evidence that Lp(a) may be causally related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the risk association between Lp(a) concentrations and CVD is weak it seems to Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
- Issue 46
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- Issue 1
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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