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Current Applied Polymer Science - Online First
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Microcrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Tissue Paper and its Comparison to Commercial Microcrystalline Cellulose
Available online: 31 October 2024More LessIntroductionTissue paper has been utilized to extract Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) using sulphuric acid. The two approaches used for MCC extraction were with NaOH pre-treatment (NaOH-EMC) and without NaOH (EMC).
MethodThe extracted MCC was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, XRD, zeta potential, particle size, and degree of polymerization and then subsequently compared with the commercially available MCC(CMC). The particle size of the NaOH-EMC was lesser than the CMC, while the EMC had a larger size. The values recorded were respectively 1.322, 6.750, and 8.521 µm. The SEM images also supported the values reported by the particle size analyzer.
ResultThe distribution, however, was staggered for the prepared samples, as against the CMC. The prepared MCC suspensions were found to be more stable than the CMC based on the recorded zeta potential. The crystallinity for NaOH-EMC, EMC, and CMC was recorded to be 69.91, 68.59, and 70.89 percent, respectively, and the observations were not significantly different.
ConclusionThe degree of polymerization of NaOH-EMC and EMC was 129 and 94, which was 189 lower than that of CMC, having the value of 178. The study successfully reports the extraction of MCC from the tissue paper as an alternative source.
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Optimization and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films using Mimosa Seed-based Natural Polymer for Controlled Drug Release: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Vidya Sabale, Ankita Khade, Manasi Jiwankar and Prafulla SabaleAvailable online: 11 September 2024More LessBackgroundThe present study attempted to develop cost-effective, biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive buccal films exploring and using Mimosa pudica seed polymer, marking its potential as a sustainable drug delivery in pharmaceutical development.
MethodsThe extracted polymer was characterized for solubility, viscosity, loss on drying, pH, swelling index, starch, and mucilage ingredients. Compatibility between the polymer, drug, and excipients was assessed using FTIR analysis. Buccal film trial batches were formulated using the film casting technique and were optimized using the 23 full factorial design. Optimized formulation was characterized for drug release, permeability, mucoadhesive study, similarity, and difference factor along with histological and stability study.
ResultsThe polymer’s pH, loss on drying, swelling index, and viscosity were 6.2, 6.8%, 81.77%, and 50,000 cP respectively. FTIR studies showed the compatibility between natural polymer, the model drug metoprolol succinate, and the excipients used. The early trial batches of polymeric films showed an extended drug release comparable to the standard polymers with a good permeability flux of 0.4048 ± 0.081 mcg*cm-2*h-1. The optimized film provided a controlled release of 52.31 ± 0.035% for more than 8 h following zero order kinetics. Mucoadhesive strength was found to be 32.25 ± 0.29 g. The similarity factor f2 (90.2) and difference factor f1 (8.197) indicated no significant difference compared to the standard formulation. Histological study demonstrated the non-irritant nature of the films and stability was established from the stability studies.
ConclusionThus, a sustainable approach using natural polymeric buccal films was found promising for mucoadhesion and controlled release.
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