Current Indian Science - Volume 2, Issue 1, 2024

Digitalis purpurea L. belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. The most significant is digitoxin, a very toxic substance that builds up in the body and is impenetrable in water. For millennia, people have utilized the medication Digitalis to treat cardiac problems induced by obesity. External triggers like strenuous exercise, emotional stress, eating, exposure to extreme weather, sexual activity, coffee and alcohol consumption, and use of cocaine or marijuana temporarily increase the risk of having a myocardial infarction. A person's genetic makeup influences disease progression, the presence of chronic risk factors, and lifestyle choices. Despite various educational programs, the fight against obesity does not appear to be successful. According to WHO (World Health Organisation) statistics, 13 percent of adults over the age of 18 are obese, and 39 percent are overweight. Being overweight or obese significantly raises the chance of developing disorders, including coronary heart disease. Digitalis is primarily used to treat heart conditions. It encourages and stimulates the action of all muscle tissues in cases of clogged heart failure. The herb improves heart nutrient absorption by forcing more blood into the coronaries. Digitalis aids in the repair and regulation of the heart's function when blood circulation is hampered.

A chronic skin condition called psoriasis can manifest as plaque, flexural, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic lesions, among other clinical symptoms. Sixty million people are believed to be affected by psoriasis worldwide. In India, the frequency ranges from 0.44 to 2.8%, with males affected two times more frequently than females in their third or fourth decade of life. An immune-mediated inflammation condition with a sizable genetic component is psoriasis. Due to its connection to psoriatic arthritis and the increased prevalence of cardiometabolic, hepatic, and psychiatric problems, a thorough and interdisciplinary strategy for treatment is required. Corticosteroids and analogs of vitamin D are examples of topical treatments for psoriasis. Phototherapy includes NB-UVB, psoralen, and ultraviolet radiation (PUVA). Standard systemic treatments include methotrexate, acitretin, and ciclosporin. This disease is useful for physicians and scientists since it might be used as a model for research into the underlying causes of chronic inflammation. It is also crucial for clinical trial scientists as a first-choice disease indication for preliminary research of new pathogenesis-based treatment approaches. This review covers both the therapeutic choices that have resulted from the analysis of the aggressive psoriatic pathways and the processes involved in the onset and progression of the disease. We start by writing regarding the important cell kinds and inflammatory mechanisms that initiate and maintain psoriatic inflammation. Next, we discuss how skin flora interacts with heredity, related epigenetic processes, and the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Finally, we provide a thorough analysis of recently targeted medications as well as well-known, extensively used treatments.

Introduction: Nanoencapsulation has gained popularity in recent decades due to its numerous benefits, such as improved stability, oxidation resistance, retention of volatile ingredients, controlled release, delivery of multiple active ingredients in a row, improvement in organoleptic properties, reduction of toxic side effects, and water solubility.

Methods: The present study was aimed to prepare eugenol nanoemulsions (EuNEs) using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) by ultrasound-assisted techniques and to evaluate the effects of surfactant concentration on their droplets size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoemulsions was tested against Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria using well diffusion method.

Results: The results showed that the droplet size decreased after a threshold Tween 80 concentration (10%), while PDI value increased with the increase in surfactant concentration (Tween 80).

Conclusion: The prepared EuNEs exhibited good antibacterial activity against all the four bacterial strains: E. coli, A. faecalis, S. aureus, and B. subtilis.