Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery - Online First

This study aimed to characterize oral and gut microbiota of children with high dmft index and caries-free children at phylum, family and species levels as well as to evaluate the effect of Streptococcus salivarius M18 DSM 14685 (Carioblis) administration on microbiota composition of caries active children.

Ten children with active caries and nine caries-free children have been recruited. Four samples from different oral niches and stools were collected from each patient for the NGS sequencing of 16s Microbiota rDNA by S5 Ion Torrent.

Our results revealed modifications in the microbiota composition of teeth, saliva and vestibular regions of the oral cavity and faecal samples in the presence of dental caries. These changes were evident at the family and species levels, with no significant differences found at the phylum composition level. In particular, Streptococcaceae were positively correlated to the high degree of caries in all niches, and the analysis at the species level led to the identification of 39 bacterial species significantly modulated in the analyzed groups. The use of probiotic seemed to exert beneficial effects on oral but not on faeces dysbiosis. The intestinal tract was confirmed to have a different microbiota composition compared to the oral cavity.

Dental caries mainly lead to modifications in the oral microbiota composition. Streptococcus salivarius M18 DSM 14685 administration determines a shift in the oral microbiota composition towards a healthier state. Concerning the gastrointestinal tract, our study found for the first time that caries cause the increase of two bacterial species, related to other disorders: Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Ruminococcus torques.

Acanthosis Nigricans is a dermatological condition characterized by hyperpigmented velvet plaques that can be observed in flexural areas such as the neck, axilla, and groin. AN is frequently associated with insulin resistance and obesity, however, it can also appear in non-obese people and as a paraneoplastic disease. Its prevalence varies across different populations, with higher rates observed in individuals with obesity, diabetes, and certain genetic syndromes. Classification of AN can be based on underlying etiology, distinguishing primary and secondary forms. Pathogenesis is the complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with insulin resistance playing a central role. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation of characteristics of skin changes, often requiring further investigation for underlying systemic disease. Topical therapies involve keratolytic agents, retinoids, and alpha hydroxyl acids to improve the cosmesis and reduce the plaque's thickness. Treatment strategies address underlying conditions by emphasizing lifestyle modifications and in some cases, pharmacological interventions.

This review aims to comprehensively examine the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and management of acanthosis nigricans.

AN is closely linked to insulin resistance, characterized by impaired cellular response to insulin, leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Recognizing AN’s clinical presentation is paramount for early diagnosis and appropriate management.

Acanthosis Nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark, thickened patches of skin, typically occurring in skin folds and creases. It can be a sign of an underlying health issue such as insulin resistance, obesity, hormonal disorders, or certain medications. Proper diagnosis and management of the underlying conditions are crucial. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying causes, lifestyle changes, and topical medications to improve the appearance of the skin. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a health care professional are essential for optimal management and to prevent complications.

A neglected zoonosis, Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), is most common in developing nations worldwide. Vaccination is, therefore, helpful in preventing the disease.

Predicting the main biochemical properties of E. granulosus Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1) and its possible B-cell and T-cell-binding epitopes as a valuable candidate for immunization was the goal of the current study.

Predictions were made to determine biochemical, antigenic, structural, and subcellular characteristics, along with the immunogenic epitopes, using several online servers.

The extracellular 22 KDa protein had no allergenicity, while it possessed hydrophilicity (GRAVY: -0.286), stability (instability: 17.48), tolerance to a wide range of temperatures (aliphatic: 93.45), and 17 post-translational modification sites. The secondary structure mostly comprised helices and random coils and the 3D model was generated using Robetta server (confidence: 0.88). Common B-cell epitopes were discovered by three servers and screened for antigenic, allergenic, and solubility traits. Moreover, MHC-associated epitopes for mice and humans were predicted in E. granulosus ADK1 with subsequent screening.

This work offers a foundation for further investigation on designing an effective vaccination against CE. Further empirical research study with the examined protein solely or combined with other antigens is needed.