Preliminary In silico Analysis of Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1) of Echinococcus granulosus as a Candidate for Vaccination against Cystic Echinococcosis

Saman Hashemi; Hanieh Shams Khakriz; Mohammad Jalali Niroumand; Ezatollah Ghasemi; Hamidreza Majidiani

doi:10.2174/0127722708319310240903183008

image of Preliminary In silico Analysis of Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1) of Echinococcus granulosus as a Candidate for Vaccination against Cystic Echinococcosis

Preliminary In silico Analysis of Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1) of Echinococcus granulosus as a Candidate for Vaccination against Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Saman Hashemi¹, Hanieh Shams Khakriz², Mohammad Jalali Niroumand², Ezatollah Ghasemi³ and Hamidreza Majidiani^4,5
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Affiliations: ¹ Department of Animal Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran ; ² Department of Animal Physiology, Buali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran ; ³ Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran ; ⁴ Healthy Aging Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran ; ⁵ Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine,, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
Source: Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery
Available online: 19 September 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708319310240903183008
- Received: 16 Apr 2024
- Accepted: 22 Jul 2024
- Available online: 19 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background

A neglected zoonosis, Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), is most common in developing nations worldwide. Vaccination is, therefore, helpful in preventing the disease.

Objective

Predicting the main biochemical properties of E. granulosus Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1) and its possible B-cell and T-cell-binding epitopes as a valuable candidate for immunization was the goal of the current study.

Methods

Predictions were made to determine biochemical, antigenic, structural, and subcellular characteristics, along with the immunogenic epitopes, using several online servers.

Results

The extracellular 22 KDa protein had no allergenicity, while it possessed hydrophilicity (GRAVY: -0.286), stability (instability: 17.48), tolerance to a wide range of temperatures (aliphatic: 93.45), and 17 post-translational modification sites. The secondary structure mostly comprised helices and random coils and the 3D model was generated using Robetta server (confidence: 0.88). Common B-cell epitopes were discovered by three servers and screened for antigenic, allergenic, and solubility traits. Moreover, MHC-associated epitopes for mice and humans were predicted in E. granulosus ADK1 with subsequent screening.

Conclusion

This work offers a foundation for further investigation on designing an effective vaccination against CE. Further empirical research study with the examined protein solely or combined with other antigens is needed.

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