Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 21, Issue 35, 2015

Low-dose aspirin, commonly defined as 75-325 mg daily, is widely used for cardiovascular (CV) protection. It reduced the risk of CV events and death in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular diseases and has the advantages of both low cost and long duration of antiplatelet action. However, low-dose aspirin therapy is associated with upper gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, which range from dyspepsia (point prevale Read More

Nowadays, low-dose aspirin is widely administered at low dose as an antithrombotic drug for the prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, aspirin, even at a low dose, can induce varying degrees of gastroduodenal mucosal injury (erosion, ulcer, ulcer bleeding). Hence, co-prescription of proton pump inhibitors with low-dose aspirin is recommended for those at high risk for adverse gastroduoden Read More

The risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is increased in association with the use of low-dose aspirin (LDA). There are few studies of the association between genetic polymorphisms and the risks of aspirin-induced ulcer or its complications. Individuals with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), A-842G and C50T, exhibit increased sensitivity to aspirin and lower prostaglandin synthesis capacity Read More

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed group of drugs in the world. They are used primarily for pain relief in chronic inflammatory joint disease and act by inhibiting enzymes COX1 and COX2 and ultimately preventing the production of active prostanoids which are required for the innate inflammatory pathway. The use of NSAIDs have been associated with the development of gastrointesti Read More

Low-dose aspirin (LDA) has been increasingly used worldwide to prevent atherothrombotic events. At the same time, the adverse events, most frequent of which are gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers and complications have been raising a big concern with its wider use. These adverse events including reflux and dyspeptic symptoms not only jeopardize adherence of LDA, but my cause more serious outcomes. To reduce GI eve Read More

Aspirin is in many ways a non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prototype. Similar to conventional NSAIDs the gastric side effects of aspirin are well studied. However its potential adverse effects on the small and large intestine are less well known and under- researched. Experimental studies support a pathogenic pathway leading to NSAID enteropathy involving the topical effects on the intestinal barrier (mucous layer, Read More

Low dose aspirin (ASA), commonly defined as the cardiovascular (CV) dose of 75 to 325 mg daily, is one of the most widely prescribed drugs in the world and the cornerstone of therapy and prophylaxis for CV disease. However, the use of low dose ASA is well known to be associated with an increased risk of different upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) complications, such as peptic ulceration and bleeding. In the recent past, Read More

This review highlights practical aspects related to aspirin therapy in cardiovascular diseases, specifically, the benefits and hazards in different clinical settings. Aspirin reduces one fourth of all major cardiovascular events but also increases major gastrointestinal bleeds by about half. As with other cardiovascular prevention strategies, the absolute benefit of aspirin is linearly related to the cardiovascular risk of the patient. The Read More

Aspirin has been one of the most widely used medications since its first synthesis more than 100 years ago. In addition to short-term use for pain and fever relief, regular use of aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. The issue of regular aspirin use in cancer prevention is definitely promising, which has been supported by growing evidence from a number of observational studies and p Read More

The results of clinical studies have shown that the chronic administration of aspirin, even at the lowdoses (75-100 mg daily) recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, is associated with a reduction of cancer incidence and mortality, in particular colorectal cancer (CRC). The mechanism of action of aspirin as an antineoplastic agent remains controversial. However, data of clinical pharmacology and several fe Read More

Aspirin has been extensively investigated in the context of the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It has one of the strongest cumulative evidence supporting its use in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. Epidemiological, clinical, and observational studies have demonstrated that aspirin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including COX-2 inhibitors, can protect against CRC and significantly red Read More

N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a ubiquitous molecule generated in all mammalian tissues from the N-terminal sequence of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) by the action of propyl oligopeptidase. Ac-SDKP is an alternative substrate for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). There are several indications that Ac-SDKP may be protective in the cardiovascular system. First, the level of Ac- SDKP in plasma and tissues is red Read More

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) within hepatocytes exceeding 5 % of liver weight. NAFLD is a spectrum of pathological processes from nonalcoholic fatty liver or simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As NAFLD induces metabolic syndrome (MS), then, NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance (I Read More

Atherosclerosis has been widely recognized as a slow progressing inflammatory disease of the arterial walls involving both inflammation and autoimmune processes with a complex etiology in which the immune system plays a key role. A hallmark of atherosclerosis is that the macrophages pick up the lipids to form the foam cells which build up the plaque in the arterial wall. Consequently, the arteries become Read More

MicroRNAs (miRNA), small noncoding RNA molecules, are endogenous regulators of gene expression that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer and arthritis. The aim of this study was to explore the biological function of microRNA-16-5p (miR-16-5p) and the molecular mechanism in osteoarthritis (OA). MiRNA targets were identified using bioinformatics. Using real-time PCR, the expression of Read More