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- Volume 21, Issue 25, 2015
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 21, Issue 25, 2015
Volume 21, Issue 25, 2015
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Astrocytes: New Targets for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Charles Finsterwald, Pierre J. Magistretti and Sylvain LengacherThe causes of neurodegenerative disorders are multiple, and for most of them a mechanistic understanding is still lacking. However, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson disease (PD) all share common features that include elevated oxidative stress levels and impaired energy metabolism in the nervous system. Most of the current treat Read More
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The Innate Immunity in Alzheimer Disease- Relevance to Pathogenesis and Therapy
The genetic, cellular, and molecular changes associated with Alzheimer disease provide evidence of immune and inflammatory processes involvement in its pathogenesis. These are supported by epidemiological studies, which show some benefit of long-term use of NSAID. The hypothesis that AD is in fact an immunologically mediated and even inflammatory pathological process may be in fact scientifically intrig Read More
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Nicotine-Derived Compounds as Therapeutic Tools Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops after experiencing trauma. Actual therapies do not help majority of patients with PTSD. Moreover, extinguished fear memories usually reappear in the individuals when exposed to trauma cues. New drugs to reduce the impact of conditioned cues in eliciting abnormal fear responses are urgently required. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, dec Read More
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Hypothalamic Leptin and Ghrelin Signaling as Targets for Improvement in Metabolic Control
Authors: Laura M. Frago and Julie A. ChowenMetabolic homeostasis requires a tight balance between energy intake and energy expenditure; hence, the physiological circuits implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism must be able to quickly adjust to changes in either side of the equation. Circulating orexigenic and anorexigenic factors, including ghrelin and leptin, are produced in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, respectively, in relation to an individua Read More
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Antidiabetic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Potential Outcomes on Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Maria J. Meneses, Branca M. Silva, Mario Sousa, Rosalia Sá, Pedro F. Oliveira and Marco G. AlvesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and has been a leading cause of death in the last decades. Thus, methods to detect, prevent or delay this disease and its co-morbidities have long been a matter of discussion. Nowadays, DM patients, particularly those suffering with type 2 DM, are advised to alter their diet and physical exercise regimens and then proceed progressively from monothera Read More
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Impact of Metformin on Male Reproduction
Authors: Carolina Ferreira, Mário Sousa, Ana Rabaca, Pedro F. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves and Rosalia SaMale infertility has been increasing over the last decades being nowadays a pressing health problem. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can contribute directly or indirectly to male infertility due to an abnormal spermatogenesis, which results in a decreased sperm quality. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is responsible for the vast majority of DM cases, being frequently treated with oral antidiabetic drugs. Metformin is the most cost-effective Read More
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The Function and Regulation of BMP6 in Various Kinds of Stem Cells
Authors: Ruinan Shen, Ruobing Jia, Wenjie Liu, Qisheng Lin, Yanan Hai and Zuping HeStem cells, by definition, are the primitive cells that have the potential of both self-renewal and differentiation into a number of mature and functional cells, and thus they have great applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering for regenerative medicine. Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) belongs to transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) superfamily. The fate determinations of stem cells require complex reg Read More
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The Metaboloepigenetic Dimension of Cancer Stem Cells: Evaluating the Market Potential for New Metabostemness-Targeting Oncology Drugs
More LessThe current global portfolio of oncology drugs is unlikely to produce durable disease remission for millions of cancer patients worldwide. This is due, in part, to the existence of so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), a particularly aggressive type of malignant cell that is capable of indefinite self-replication, is refractory to conventional treatments, and is skilled at spreading and colonizing distant organs. To date, no drugs from big Read More
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Myocardial Energy Substrate Metabolism in Heart Failure : from Pathways to Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Arata Fukushima, Kenneth Milner, Abhishek Gupta and Gary D. LopaschukDespite recent advances in therapy, heart failure remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity and is a growing healthcare burden worldwide. Alterations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism are a hallmark of heart failure, and are associated with an energy deficit in the failing heart. Previous studies have shown that a metabolic shift from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolysis, as well as an uncoupling betw Read More
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Skeletal Muscle Cell Behavior After Physical Agent Treatments
Apoptosis is essential for skeletal muscle development and homeostasis. It has been frequently involved in several muscle myopathies and sarcopenia, as well as in denervation, in disuse and acute strenuous or eccentric physical exercise. In this work skeletal muscle cell death, induced in vitro by a variety of physical triggers, has been investigated. C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes were exposed to UVB for 30 min, hypert Read More
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Anticancer Advances of Matrine and Its Derivatives
Authors: Jianping Yong, Xiaoyuan Wu and Canzhong LuAs the second leading cause of death in the world, the total number caused by cancer in 2008 is 1.4 million. The great cancer incidence worldwide increases the search for new, safer and efficient anticancer agents (especially to find the new structures and more active anticancer drugs from the natural products) aiming the prevention or the cure of such illness. For a century, matrine (an alkaloid isolated from sophorae flaves Read More
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The Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Relationships of Barbiturates – From the Past to the Future
Authors: Britton J. Ernst, Gerald F. Clark and Oliver GrundmannThe pharmacokinetics of different barbiturates have been studied extensively and the relationship of their duration of action to their clinical use has been known for decades. While these particular compounds have largely been displaced by agents with better therapeutic indices, barbiturate use remains relatively common and important in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Their mechanism of action is to bind to inhibitory GA Read More
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Applications of Important Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery
Authors: Gangliang Huang, Xinya Mei, Feng Xiao, Xin Chen, Qilin Tang and Daquan PengPolysaccharide is a kind of biological material, which has good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. So, the polysaccharide has widely been applied in drug delivery system. The applications of chitosan, hyaluronic acid and dextran in drug delivery have been summarized herein.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
- Issue 42
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- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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