This reference presents comprehensive information about laser surface treatments for tribological applications. Chapters of the book highlight the importance of laser technology in modifying materials to optimize the effects of friction and lubrication by explaining a range of surface modification methods used in industries. These methods include hardening melting alloying cladding and texturing. The knowledge in the book is intended to give an in-depth understanding about the role of laser technology in tribology and the manufacture of industrial materials and surfaces for special applications.

Key Features:

- 10 chapters on topics relevant to tribology and industrial applications of laser material processing

- Comprehensively covers laser surface modification of metals and alloys

- Explains a wide range of surface modification methods (hardening melting alloying cladding and texturing)

- Covers material and tribological characterization of surfaces

- Presents information in a simple structured layout for easy reading with introductory notes for learners

- Provides references for further reading

This book is an ideal reference for students and learners in courses related to engineering manufacturing and materials science. Researchers industrial professionals and general readers interested in laser assisted machining processes and surface modification techniques will also find the book to be an informative reference on the subject.

Lifestyle diseases and related conditions present a major healthcare challenge for children posing a significant threat to their well-being. The Editors have compiled chapters to present a multicentric approach to the subject.

This book is an insightful reference on lifestyle diseases and its management in adolescents. It includes twelve topics with a focus on physical emotional and behavioral aspects of lifestyle diseases. Starting with an introduction to lifestyle issues that can manifest into disease states the book progresses to advanced topics including emotional and cognitive developments effects of mass media ranging from emotional and cognitive health nutrition requirements and eating disorders physical inactivity eating and sleeping patterns drug and alcohol-abuse social behavior anxiety and mental health.

The book highlights the risk factors and determinants of these diseases and where an immediate intervention is needed. An updated understanding of the diseases with scientific references gives readers crucial information for setting the groundwork for long-term public health policy formulation.

This book serves as a primary resource for scholars and trainees in nursing medical (pediatrics and endocrinologists) and paramedical courses who are required to understand lifestyle diseases with a focus on adolescents. Readers and professionals in public health life-sciences and related disciplines can also use this as a secondary reference.

This brief monograph provides reports on liquid crystal materials used for specific devices designed for industrial applications. The authors of each chapter present insights on the design and technical aspects of the manufacturing of advanced liquid crystal light modulators reflecting their experience in advanced liquid crystal materials science.

Chapters in the book first introduce readers to the chemistry and basic materials science of liquid crystal light modulators with information important for practical situations such as custom manufacturing and material quality assessment (including the determination of Frank elastic constants). Subsequent chapters cover a selection of interesting projects where liquid crystal light modulators are applied such as: a highly transparent laser damage resistant liquid crystal phase modulators for space-borne laser rangefinders; a dynamic optical filter designed for visualization of air pollution; a high contrast fast operating outdoor light shutter for the eye protection of welders.

Readers will gain an awareness of the peculiarities of the liquid crystalline matter along with the complexity of the design and fabrication of active optical elements as the information provided in this volume presents detailed practical results of the liquid crystal technology projects.

Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery brings the reader the most up-to-date information on the endoscopy of the spine. Key opinion leaders from around the world have come together to present the clinical evidence behind their competitive endoscopic spinal surgery protocols. Chapters in the series cover a range of aspects of spine surgery including spinal pain generators preoperative workup with modern independent predictors of favorable clinical outcomes with endoscopy anesthesia in an outpatient setting management of complications and a fresh look at technology advances in a historical context. The reader will have a first-row seat during the illustrative discussions of expanded surgical indications from herniated disc to more complex clinical problems including stenosis instability and deformity in patients with advanced degenerative disease of the human spine. Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery is divided into three volumes: Cervical Spine Lumbar Spine and Advanced Technologies to capture an accurate snapshot in time of this fast-moving field. It is intended as a comprehensive go-to reference text for surgeons in graduate residency and postgraduate fellowship training programs and for practicing spine surgeons interested in looking for the scientific foundation for their practice expansion into endoscopic surgery.

This volume (Lumbar Spine) covers the following topics in 18 detailed chapters:

Lumbar endoscopy: historical perspectives present and future

Endoscopic lumbar discectomy - anatomy nomenclature indications and advanced techniques

Current approaches for the treatment of endstage vacuum degenerative lumbar disc disease

Advanced endoscopic techniques of lumbar foraminotomy and treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis

Endoscopic treatment of lumbar facet cysts Endoscopic techniques for the treatment of a wide range of chronic low back pain

Endoscopic spine surgery techniques in the elderly Endoscopic fusion techniques

Endoscopic resection of schwannoma

Technical notes for difficult cases controversies and complications of lumbar endoscopy.