COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives informs readers about the current status of knowledge on COVID-19 infection. The book begins by presenting basic information about the history epidemiology pathogenesis diagnosis treatment and preventive measures against COVID-19. The second part of the book contains information about the repurposing of drugs herbal medicines and immunotherapy against COVID-19 infections. Integrating both general and advanced information about Sars-cov-2 this book updates a wide range of readers including students researchers (virologists pharmacologists) health care professionals (physicians nurses pharmacists paramedics) and the general public on novel coronaviruses and COVID-19.

COVID-19 has spread like wildfire across the globe since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak hampering quality of life at multiple levels and causing many deaths. Many aspects of the human experience have been affected with a body of research being published on its effects on psychological and physical well being loss of jobs pay cuts education and unpaid caregiving. New findings on these aspects are still emerging as we learn more about the consequences of the pandemic.

This book is intended as a simple summary of recent findings about COVID-19 for academicians and students from science humanities and commerce backgrounds to understand the pandemic from a microscopic view and how it has touched our lives at different levels.

A collection of topics is presented and explored through chapters dedicated to niche topics on COVID-19. Each chapter is authored by expert scientists academicians and scholars from leading institutions in India.

The key features of this book set are:

- Interdisciplinary content making it useful for readers from different academic streams

- A blend of basic and applied research in biology medicine and social science

- A focus on findings from India

- Updated References for advanced readers This collection of topics is invaluable for researchers and working professionals in industry and academia as well as general readers who want a broad insightful perspective on COVID-19.

Clinicians patients and scientists alike have been battling cancer for over several decades; however patient outcomes have not significantly improved over the years with conventional therapies. In recent years this has caused researchers to look for a change in the status quo and the awareness of the human immune system which has an intrinsic mechanism to control microbial pathogens and dysfunctional self-tissues has triggered scientists to look for new modes of cancer therapy. Cancer Immunotherapy has become a major research field as a result of these efforts gaining some recognition for notable breakthroughs in cancer patient prognosis. Frontiers in Cancer Immunology collectively presents the methods which have been studied and used in cancer immunotherapy based on the different components of human immune system. The series will give clinicians and immunologists a roadmap of current trends in all branches of cancer immunology. This volume lists the major immune system components (such as T cells and NK cells and associated antigens/antibodies) which have been demonstrated to limit the growth of or kill tumor cells. Relevant applications in cancer therapy are also included in addition to a general introduction to engineered as well as targeted cancer immunotherapies (cancer vaccines).

A malignant tumor is an actively growing tissue composed of cells derived from a single cell line that has undergone irreversible differentiation. These cells are invasive and also metastasize in the body resulting in malignant cancer. Recent research suggests that a malignant tumor originates from cancer stem cells (CSC) accompanied with physiological niches.

Cancer Metastasis and Stem Cell/Niche explains the invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells I the light of information gained from the CSC / niche theory. Five chapters present a review on the fundamental relationships between CSCs their niche and metastasis the regulation of cell surface glycan expression in CSCs tumor endothelial cells and metastasis toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated premetastatic microenvironment and in surgical cancer metastasis.

This monograph is intended as a primary reference on CSC research for physiologists clinical oncologists stem cell researchers and molecular biologists.

This reference describes recent advances and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of food science. The first two chapters are devoted to the fundamentals of capillary electrophoresis and to the main sample preparation techniques used for food analysis using this miniaturized separation technique respectively. These two introductory chapters are followed by several chapters focused on the different strategies for analyzing specific food components including lipids carbohydrates proteins peptides amino acids vitamins polyphenols and food additives.

The information provided in these chapters helps readers to understand and develop appropriate methods to carry out a deep characterization of food samples. Relevant concepts such as food authentication chemical food safety or the control of the quality and safety of dietary supplements and food metabolomics are also covered where appropriate. The big potential of capillary electrophoresis to achieve chiral separations and the determination of enantiomers in food samples or to develop targeted and non-targeted metabolomics strategies to ensure food safety and quality is also described. As an additional step towards analytical miniaturization a chapter devoted to food analysis by microchip electrophoresis is also included in this book. All 14 chapters are contributed by highly experienced researchers in the field.

Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis is a key source of information for food chemists and analytical chemists in industry (quality control laboratories) and academia (research labs and training courses).

Cardiac Care and COVID-19: Perspectives in Medical Practice is an accessible reference on diagnoses and treatment modalities for cardiac diseases in general and emergency cardiac conditions to be more specific with respect to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters in the book give updated descriptions of common problems in emergency medicine and cardiovascular disease. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific cardiovascular disease and explains management principles diagnostic procedures and therapy. Examples of medical cases have also been used to highlight complex issues to give a concrete understanding of the cardiac care in COVID-19 patients to the medical practitioner whether they are involved in critical care or in outpatient clinics.

Key Features:

- Clinical guidelines for critical care and cardiovascular management of COVID-19 patients

- Topic-based information about cardiovascular diseases

- Covers a range of cardiovascular problems including myocarditis arrhythmias chest pain acute coronary syndrome

- Information on pulmonary embolism and associated problems

- Reader friendly presentation

- Case-based examples for explaining concepts

The range of topics combined with the simple presentation make this an essential reference for healthcare workers in emergency medicine cardiology and nursing. General physicians interested in the cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 will also benefit from the information provided in the book.

Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery brings the reader the most up-to-date information on the endoscopy of the spine. Key opinion leaders from around the world have come together to present the clinical evidence behind their competitive endoscopic spinal surgery protocols. Chapters in the series cover a range of aspects of spine surgery including spinal pain generators preoperative workup with modern independent predictors of favorable clinical outcomes with endoscopy anesthesia in an outpatient setting management of complications and a fresh look at technology advances in a historical context. The reader will have a first-row seat during the illustrative discussions of expanded surgical indications from herniated disc to more complex clinical problems including stenosis instability and deformity in patients with advanced degenerative disease of the human spine. Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery is divided into three volumes: Cervical Spine Lumbar Spine and Advanced Technologies to capture an accurate snapshot in time of this fast-moving field. It is intended as a comprehensive go-to reference text for surgeons in graduate residency and postgraduate fellowship training programs and for practicing spine surgeons interested in looking for the scientific foundation for their practice expansion into endoscopic surgery.

This volume (Cervical Spine) covers the following topics

Cervical Endoscopy: Historical Perspectives Present & Future Anesthesia For Minimally Invasive Surgery Of The Cervical

Algorithms To Choose Between Anterior And Posterior Cervical Endoscopy

Contemporary Clinical Decision Making In Full Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery

Indications And Outcomes With Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Rhizotomy

Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy

Anterior Transcorporeal Approach Of Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy

Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy And Foraminoplasty For Herniated Disc And Lateral Canal Stenosis

Posterior Full Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy & Foraminotomy

Endoscopic Decompression For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

This interdisciplinary reference work presents a linked consideration to the reader of physical-

cultural (physicocultural) representations of headstones located in urban churchyards in England and Scotland. The geomorphology of landscapes relevant to these locations is explained with the help of detailed case studies from Oxford and Edinburgh. The integrated physicocultural approach addresses the conservation of the archaeological record and presents a cross-temporal perspective of landscape change – of the headstones as landforms in their landscape (as part of deathscapes). The physical record (of headstones) is examined in the context of both cultural representation and change. In this way an integrated approach is employed that connects the physical (natural) and cultural (social) records kept by historians and archeologists over the years.

Changing Landscapes in Urban British Churchyards is of interest to geomorphologists historians and scholars interested in understanding landscaping studies and cultural nuance of specific historical urban sites in England and Scotland.

Chemical Modification of Solid Surfaces by the Use of Additives brings ten comprehensive chapters covering different types of solid surface modifications by using surfactants or other chemicals. Each chapter explains different types of chemical surface modifications that are important for a large variety of applications. The uses of each type of modification is summarized to give the reader an overview of recent developments in this field of materials science.

The book also highlights the importance of surface modification for the biomedical application of polysaccharides sensing application of carbon electrode metal coating substrate surfaces microelectronic microwave applications of perovskite material and the role of nanotechnology. This book is a useful reference for chemical engineering and civil engineering students who wish to understand the surface chemistry of additive materials. Scholars undertaking courses in nanotechnology and environmental science will also benefit from the information presented by the book.