The active ingredient in medicinal herbs has a considerable therapeutic impact. Historically medicinal plants have been critical in helping people recover from unfavorable microbial infection-related illnesses. Therefore we can use these plants as raw materials to make antibiotics.

To summarize several traditional herbs have antibacterial properties and their use as a therapy option offers a successful treatment approach.

A detailed study of literature was started by looking through many data sets from the Herbalist Library and well-known scientific databases like the Cochrane Library PubMed ScienceDirect Web of Science and Google Scholar. Literature focusing on herbs having antibiotic potential specifically in the English language from the years 1980 to 2023 was considered to be included in this review.

In this review article all the natural herbal antibiotics are summarised with their pharmacological effects as well as the active components responsible for their biological role. The current analysis provides thorough information on many medicinal plants examined over the last few decades in order to investigate possible herbal antibiotics for future treatment.

Antiviral compounds from plant origin have been the focus of researchers throughout the world for a long time as the potential alternative to classical antiviral therapies. The search for antiviral phytochemicals comes into the limelight amidst the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This tremendous surge in the hunt for effective and alternative treatment from the plant source is mainly due to the toxicity and inadequate responses of synthetic antiviral drugs to resistant viral strains.

A comprehensive literature survey on the antiviral activity of bioactive compounds from the genus Clerodendrum was conducted using known and widely acknowledged scientific databases.

This in-depth review is prepared to shed light on the promising effect of the bioactive phytochemicals isolated from different Clerodendrum spp. against some of the most pathogenically relevant viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Influenza Virus Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) Dengue Virus (DENV) and Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV). Bioactive compounds such as ursolic acid sugiol and quercetin are reported to prevent virus-host cell adhesion. Harpagide is found to reduce intracellular Ca²⁺ and mitochondrial stress in infected cells preventing viral infection. Researchers reported the efficacy of β-sitosterol in inhibiting immune responses via RIG-I signalling and IFN production. Rengyolone is found to mitigate viral infection by preventing acute inflammation. Betulinic acid tricin and oleanolic acid are found to prevent IAV and HIV replication. Evidence has also suggested the possible action of kaempferol acacetin and apigenin to inhibit mRNA and protein production in virus-infected cells.

Future research should be oriented towards the isolation and quantitation of these bioactive compounds from Clerodendrum spp. along with their efficacy both in vitro and in vivo prior to their clinical applications in combating a variety of viral infections.

Mosquitoes significantly threaten public health transmitting dangerous diseases to humans and animals. Conventional insecticide spraying while common has limitations in effectively controlling vector-borne diseases. Many chemical pesticides harm humans and animals and some persist in the environment and cause toxic effects. Recently there has been renewed interest in plant-based products due to concerns about insecticide resistance cross-resistance potential toxicity associated with synthetic options and rising costs. Therefore this study aimed to screen the Plectranthus amboinicus and Hyptis suaveolens phytochemicals targeting the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

In this study we conducted molecular docking analyses using specific plant-derived compounds from H. suaveolens and P. amboinicus.

We focused on the interaction of these compounds with OBPs from dengue and chikungunya vectors (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The selected phytochemical compounds exhibited strong binding with the OBP of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid Carvacryl acetate and Brallobarbital showed high binding affinity and significant interaction with Ae. aegypti. Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid and 3-Methyl-4-isopropylphenol also demonstrated substantial binding affinity and effective interaction with Ae. albopictus OBP.

These findings suggest that the identified compounds can potentially disrupt the attraction of mosquitoes to humans thus reducing human-vector contact. They may offer a promising alternative for developing natural and efficient mosquito repellents surpassing currently used synthetic options like N N-diethyl-meta-toluamide and other conventional repellents.

The development of antimicrobial resistance and reduced discovery and commercialization of newer antibiotics point to the need for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Schiff bases are reported to possess a broad range of pharmacological activities which also include antibacterial activity. With this background novel Schiff bases were synthesized.

The present study aimed to synthesize novel Schiff bases of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl-ethanone with aryl amines and evaluate their antibacterial activity.

The desired Schiff bases were synthesized by condensing various aryl amines with 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone and characterized by physicochemical and spectral methods. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized Schiff bases was determined by the cup diffusion method. Molecular docking with Staphylococcus aureus tyrosyl-t-RNA synthetase (Protein Data Bank ID: 1JIJ) was performed using Autodock. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed using GROMACS. ADME analysis and drug-likeliness of the synthesized compounds were predicted using SwissADME. Protein-ligand interactions were studied using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer.

Out of the synthesized compounds two compounds sb_04 and sb_05 exhibited fair antibacterial activity. The compounds sb_04 and sb_05 exhibited better binding energy values than the original ligand of the target enzyme and comparable binding energy with ampicillin. The Autodock program estimated the binding free energy and inhibition constant values of compound sb_05 as -9.18 kcal/mol and 187.33 nM and for the compound sb_04 as -8.82 kcal/mol and 341.59 nM respectively. The RMSD values of the compound sb_04 were stable throughout the duration of the simulation; however the compound sb_05 showed lesser stability in the docked complex. Interestingly the compound sb_05 (-182.754 kJ/mol) exhibited stable interaction with a lower value of total interaction energy than sb_04 (-136.304 kJ/mol). The synthesized Schiff bases showed no violation of Lipinski’s rule of five and a bioavailability score in the range of 55% to 85%.

The synthesized Schiff bases present a scaffold for the development of novel antibacterial agents in particular the compounds sb_04 and sb_05.

Betula utilis commonly known as the Himalayan Birch or Bhojpatra has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for its diverse pharmacological and phytochemical properties. This overview delves into the rich history and therapeutic applications of Betula utilis from a TCM perspective. It discusses its role in promoting health and addressing various ailments drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Furthermore this abstract provides insights into the phytochemical constituents of Betula utilis shedding light on the active compounds responsible for its medicinal benefits.

Information regarding the different species within the Betula genus was gathered through electronic searches utilizing platforms such as Pubmed SciFinder Scirus Google Scholar JCCC@INSTIRC and Web of Science. Additionally a library search was conducted to locate articles published in peer-reviewed journals.

The bark of Betula utilis finds extensive usage in both Ayurveda and the Chinese system of medicine where it is employed to address a range of health issues and medical conditions. These include applications in wound healing skin sanitation bronchitis seizures leprosy blood disorders and ear-related ailments. Moreover the plant and its active components are frequently utilized for their anti-inflammatory liver-protective antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough examination of the available literature concerning the pharmacological and chemical characteristics of Betula utilis.

Hypophysitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland. It can manifest variously with endocrinological and neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and signs due to the compression of sellar and parasellar structures.

Although hypophysitis is rare this pituitary disease can occur during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. In this report we describe the case of a woman with partial hypopituitarism secondary to autoimmune hypophysitis who five years after the diagnosis and the immunosuppressive treatment had an uneventful pregnancy and successfully delivered a healthy infant at term.

We reported the clinical history of the patient and the evolution of the disease and also reviewed the management and treatment of autoimmune hypophysitis during pregnancy.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a refractory disease with repeated attacks and there is no accurate treatment target at present. Dipyridamole a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor has been proven to be an effective treatment for IBD in a pilot study. This study explored the therapeutic target of IBD and the pharmacological mechanism of dipyridamole for the treatment of IBD.

The candidate targets of dipyridamole were obtained by searching the pharmMapper online server and Swiss Target Prediction Database. The IBD-related targets were selected from four GEO chips and three databases including Genecards DisGeNET and TTD database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the core targets were identified according to the topological structure. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis and BioGPS location were performed. Finally molecular docking was used to verify dipyridamole and the hub targets.

We obtained 112 up-regulated genes and 157 down-regulated genes as well as 105 composite targets of Dipyridamole-IBD. Through the PPI network analysis we obtained the 7 hub targets including SRC EGFR MAPK1 MAPK14 MAPK8 PTPN11 and LCK. The BioGPS showed that these genes were highly expressed in the immune system digestive system and endocrine system. In addition the 7 hub targets had good intermolecular interactions with dipyridamole. The therapeutic effect of dipyridamole on IBD may involve immune system activation and regulation of inflammatory reactions involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix perinuclear region of cytoplasm protein kinase binding and positive regulation of programmed cell death through cancer pathway (proteoglycans in cancer) lipid metabolism Ras signaling pathway MAPK signaling pathway PI3K-AKT signaling pathway Th17 cell differentiation and other cellular and innate immune signaling pathways.

This study predicted the therapeutic target of IBD and the molecular mechanism of dipyridamole in treating IBD providing a new direction for the treatment of IBD and a theoretical basis for further research.

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in weight loss in non-diabetic people.

In this study 84 non-diabetic people who used semaglutide to lose weight in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 1 2022 to June 30 2022 were enrolled and compared for changes in body weight waist circumference Body Mass Index (BMI) fasting blood glucose blood pressure pulse and body composition (body fat ratio visceral fat area and skeletal muscle) before treatment and 12 weeks after the treatment to analyze the weight loss efficacy and safety.

After administering semaglutide 0.25 mg 0.5 mg 0.75 mg or 1.0 mg subcutaneously once a week for 12 weeks 84 participants in this study obtained an average weight loss of 5.91 ± 3.37 kg equivalent to 6.15 ± 4.28% of baseline body weight and there was also a significant reduction in visceral fat area and a slight reduction in blood pressure. The most common adverse reactions included gastrointestinal reactions (nausea vomiting and diarrhea) which were mild and subsided within 1-2 days. No severe adverse reaction such as hypoglycemia and hypotension was observed.

Low-dose semaglutide has been found to be effective and safe for short-term weight loss in non-diabetic people.

Honokiol is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from Magnolia officinali which is commonly used material in Chinese herbal medicine has a variety of biological functions including anti-tumor anti-oxidant anti-inflammation anti-microbial and anti-allergy. Although honokiol has numerous beneficial effects on human diseases the underlying mechanisms of tumor metastasis are still unclear. Previously we reported that honokiol suppresses thyroid cancer cell proliferation with cytotoxicity through cell cycle arrest apoptosis and dysregulation of intracellular hemostasis. Herein we hypothesized that the anti-oxidant effect of honokiol might play a critical role in thyroid cancer cell proliferation and migration.

The cell viability assays cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity cell migration and immunoblotting were performed after cells were treated with honokiol.

Based on this hypothesis we first demonstrated that honokiol suppresses cell proliferation in two human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cell lines KMH-2 and ASH-3 within a dosage- and time-dependent manner by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Next we examined that honokiol induced ROS activation and could be suppressed by pre-treated with an anti-oxidant agent N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Furthermore the honokiol suppressed cell proliferation can be rescued by pre-treated with NAC. Finally we demonstrated that honokiol inhibited ATC cell migration by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers by Western blotting.

Taken together we provided the potential mechanism for treating ATC cells with honokiol which significantly suppresses tumor proliferation and inhibits tumor metastasis in vitro through reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction.