Natural Products Journal, The - Current Issue

Diabetes Mellitus and its associated brain disorders become more prevalent across the globe. Several comorbidity factors are associated with diabetic mellitus as well as the nervous system. Static molecular variations in the Central Nervous System (CNS) due to Hyperglycemia may be a major cause of psychiatric disorders. Carbohydrates and proteins imbalance as metabolic parameters impact the downregulation of neurotransmitters in the brain region. Glucose metabolism has a key role in brain physiology as well as in neuro-energetics, transmission, and defensive mechanisms of the brain. Several studies revealed that CNS-acting medications overstated the glucose homeostasis associated with brain functioning as well as pharmacological effects. Polyphenols are an assembly of plant-derived composites with anti-inflammatory properties working on the inflammatory markers as well as antioxidant possessions that decrease the oxidative stress that is accompanied by a low pervasiveness of metabolic conditions categorized by insulin resistance. Those Natural products influenced the molecular signaling pathway, which is directly related to depression, cognitive impairment and neurotransmission. Currently, there are not any exact pharmacotherapies accessible for CNS form-induced diabetes. However, around some prebiotics, probiotics with natural remedies show promise in treating these central nervous system difficulties. Consequently, proof-based research concluded the translational study with a clinical setting understanding the connotation among brain glucose homeostasis and central nervous system complications is warranted, and the progress of pharmacologically dynamic therapy for active treatment of comorbidities diseases related to diabetes mellitus.

Natural products have evolved to interact with specific protein targets within cells, making them valuable for various biological functions. Chemical proteomics, specifically the use of covalently linked probes in live cells, allows for the identification of protein-binding partners or targets of small molecules. Recent advancements in target identification of natural products have utilized affinity-based probes and photo-affinity labeling techniques, enabling the capture of potential cellular targets even when the interaction is reversible. This knowledge can aid in understanding molecular pathways and developing new therapeutics for diseases lacking treatment options. Several methods, including DARTS, SPROX, CETSA, TPP, and bioinformatics-based analysis, are employed for target identification of label-free natural products. Chemical probe design and synthesis are tailored to screen targets of molecules with diverse structures. The comprehensive proteomic analysis reported herein aims to investigate target sites contributing to biologically significant effects, considering both desirable phenotypes and potential toxicity or side effects.

n-Butylidene phthalide (N-BP) is a natural derivative obtained from the chloroform extract of Angelica Sinensis. In conventional medicine, it treats different ailments. Various pharmacological properties are associated with it, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Based on its reported pharmacokinetic profile, n-BP has low oral bioavailability and is rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the body. The compound has diverse pharmacological effects with lower stability, bioavailability, rapid absorption, and elimination. Furthermore, a targeted drug delivery system using a nanocarrier can improve pharmacokinetic-molecular profiling, specificity, efficacy, personal approach, and drug resistance. This review summarizes and emphasizes the pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology of n-butylidene phthalide, and the molecular targeting approach to treat cancer, inflammation, Parkinsonism, excitotoxicity, and Alzheimer’s.

Plant tissue culture is a process of in vitro regeneration requiring numerous resources and intensive labour to mass produce disease-free clones. Diverse factors such as sterilizing agents, media composition, and environmental conditions contribute toward successful regeneration and decide the production, such as the total shoot number, shoot length, in vitro rooting, and adaptation of plants to the external environment. Plant tissue culture, the successful induction of rapid shoot production, and subsequent root formation in plants are influenced by the utilization of appropriate growing conditions customized to each specific explant type. By carefully manipulating environmental factors, such as temperature, light, and nutrient availability, it is possible to stimulate the growth and development of new shoots in a time-efficient manner. This strategic combination of optimal growing conditions and hormone supplementation holds great promise in the domain of efficient propagation of plants through tissue culture techniques. The recent progress in artificial techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and machine learning (ML) algorithms has presented promising opportunities for the development of sustainable and precise plant tissue culture processes. These techniques are widely recognized as robust techniques for assessing outcomes and enhancing the accuracy of predicting outputs in the domain of plant tissue culture. AI techniques and optimization algorithms have been applied to predict and optimize callogenesis, embryogenesis, several shoots, shoot length, hairy root culture, in vitro rooting, and plant acclimatization by helping predict sterilizing conditions, optimal culture conditions, and formulation of a suitable medium. Patents, modeling, and formulation of each stage of plant tissue culture using tools like artificial neural networks (ANNs), neuro-fuzzy logic, support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees (DT), random forests (FR), and genetic algorithms (GA) are presented.