Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 30, Issue 38, 2024

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring continuous advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Traditional methods often lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to the need for new methods. 3D printing has emerged as a transformative tool in cancer diagnosis, offering the potential for precise and customizable nanosensors. These advancements are critical in cancer research, aiming to improve early detection and monitoring of tumors. In current times, the usage of the 3D printing technique has been more prevalent as a flexible medium for the production of accurate and adaptable nanosensors characterized by exceptional sensitivity and specificity. The study aims to enhance early cancer diagnosis and prognosis by developing advanced 3D-printed nanosensors using 3D printing technology. The research explores various 3D printing techniques, design strategies, and functionalization strategies for cancer-specific biomarkers. The integration of these nanosensors with detection modalities like fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is also evaluated. The study explores the use of inkjet printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling to create nanostructures with enhanced performance. It also discusses the design and functionalization methods for targeting cancer indicators. The integration of 3D-printed nanosensors with multiple detection modalities, including fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, enables rapid and reliable cancer diagnosis. The results show improved sensitivity and specificity for cancer biomarkers, enabling early detection of tumor indicators and circulating cells. The study highlights the potential of 3D-printed nanosensors to transform cancer diagnosis by enabling highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor biomarkers. It signifies a pivotal step forward in cancer diagnostics, showcasing the capacity of 3D printing technology to produce advanced nanosensors that can significantly improve early cancer detection and patient outcomes.

Medicinal herbs have been utilized in the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including neoplasms, organ fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus. However, the precise pharmacological actions of plant miRNAs in animals remain to be fully elucidated, particularly in terms of their therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action. In this review, some important miRNAs from foods and medicinal herbs are presented. Plant miRNAs exhibit a range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory effects, and neuromodulation, among others. These results have not only demonstrated a cross-species regulatory effect, but also suggested that the miRNAs from medicinal herbs are their bioactive components. This shows a promising prospect for plant miRNAs to be used as drugs. Here, the pharmacological properties of plant miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms have been highlighted, which can provide new insights for clarifying the therapeutic mechanisms of medicinal herbs and suggest a new way for developing therapeutic drugs.

On a global scale, cancer is a difficult and devastating illness. Several problems with current chemotherapies include cytotoxicity, lack of selectivity, stem-like cell growth, and multi-drug resistance. The most appropriate nanomaterials for cancer treatment are those with characteristics, such as cytotoxicity, restricted specificity, and drug capacity and bioavailability; these materials are nanosized (1-100 nm). Nanodrugs are rarely licenced for therapeutic use despite growing research. These compounds need nanocarrier-targeted drug delivery experiments to improve their translation. This review describes new nanomaterials reported in the literature, impediments to their clinical studies, and their beneficial cancer therapeutic use. It also suggests ways to use nanomaterials in cancer therapy more efficiently and describes the intrinsic challenges of cancer treatment and the different nanocarriers and chemicals that can be utilised for specified tumour targeting. Furthermore, it provides a concise overview of cancer theranostics methods, with a focus on those that make use of nanomaterials. Although nanotechnology offers a great source for future advancements in cancer detection and therapy, there is an emerging need for more studies to address the present barriers to clinical translation.