Current Medical Imaging - Volume 20, Issue 1, 2024

Background: Ingestion of gastrointestinal foreign bodies (FB) is a common clinical problem worldwide. Approximately 10–20% of FBs require an endoscopic procedure for removal, and < 1% require surgery. Case Description: An 89-year-old male with Alzheimer's disease was hospitalized because of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, vomiting for three days, and cessation of bowel movements for six days. Abdominal c Read More

Background Dural sinus arteriovenous malformation is an uncommon intracranial vascular malformation. The affected cases may suffer from severe neurological injury. Prenatal ultrasound has been used to diagnose fetal intracranial vascular abnormality, but prenatal three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound presents a very rare anomaly; an arteriovenous malformation of the dural sinus has not been reported. Objective This s Read More

Background Brain tumours represent a diagnostic challenge, especially in the imaging area, where the differentiation of normal and pathologic tissues should be precise. The use of up-to-date machine learning techniques would be of great help in terms of brain tumor identification accuracy from MRI data. Objective This research paper aims to check the efficiency of a federated learning method that joins two classifiers, such Read More

Introduction In this study, we harnessed three cutting-edge algorithms' capabilities to refine the elbow fracture prediction process through X-ray image analysis. Employing the YOLOv8 (You only look once) algorithm, we first identified Regions of Interest (ROI) within the X-ray images, significantly augmenting fracture prediction accuracy. Methods Subsequently, we integrated and compared the ResNet, the SeResNet (S Read More

Background Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction can be used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but there is scarce literature on using ultrasound combined with electrophysiology to evaluate the efficacy of this traditional Chinese medicine. Aim This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction on cold-dampness arthralgia rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ultrasound and electrophysio Read More

Introduction The maxillary sinuses are air-filled cavities which vary in size and shape. Sinus radiography has been widely used in the determination of the gender of the individual, especially in forensic investigation for human identification and sexing of individuals. The advanced radiographic techniques like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), especially the axial and coronal sections, have been considered as a subtle c Read More

Introduction This study intends to provide a novel Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm for the detection of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) from ultrasound ovarian images. PCOS is an intricate anarchy described by hyperandrogenemia and irregular menstruation. Indian women are increasingly finding reproductive disorders, namely PCOS. Methods The women having PCOS grow more small follicles in their ovari Read More

Objective This study aimed to establish a model based on Multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), and clinical features for predicting different growth patterns of preoperative Invasive Adenocarcinoma (IAC). Methods This retrospective study included 357 patients diagnosed with IAC who underwent surgical treatment. A Read More

Background Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD) is a rare condition, distinguished by its hallmark presentation of regional lymphadenopathy in young adult females. While initially observed to exclusively affect cervical lymph nodes in females under 40 years old, KFD is now known to impact individuals of any age or gender and manifest with adenopathy in various anatomical sites. Nonspecific imaging findings for KFD include Read More

Introduction The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and radiomics improves the management of Prostate Cancer (PCa) and helps in differentiating between clinically insignificant and significant PCa. This study has explored the diagnostic value of radiomic analysis based on functional parameter maps from monoexponential and diffusion kurtosis models in MRI for differentiating between clinically insignificant Read More

Background Three-dimensional (3D) whole-heart magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent tool to check the heart anatomy of patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. However, most 3D whole-heart MRI acquisitions take a long time to perform, and the sequence used is susceptible to banding artifacts. Purpose To validate an unsupervised neural network that can reduce acquisition time and improve imag Read More

Background The permanent canine usually has a single root and a single root canal. A one-rooted canine with two canals or a canine with two roots and two separate canals may also occur at a lower incidence in the permanent dentition. However, bilateral symmetrical mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals are less common. Case Presentation This study reported a lower incidence case of bilateral symmetri Read More

Introduction Multimodal medical image fusion techniques play an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. The process of combining multimodal images involves several challenges depending on the type of modality, transformation techniques, and mapping of structural and metabolic information. Methods Artifacts can form during data acquisition, such as minor movement of patients, or data pre-proces Read More

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic origin that stem from various anatomical sites. Most SFTs are asymptomatic and noticed incidentally by various imaging modalities. Although SFTs were initially identified in the pleura and erroneously considered to originate solely from serosal layers, extrapleural SFTs have been reported more commonly than their pleural Read More

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is a fatal adverse event of immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of methods to identify patients who have a high risk of developing ICI-P in immunotherapy. Purpose We aim at predicting the individualized risk of developing ICI-P by computed tomography (CT) images and deep learning to assist in personalized immunotherapy planning. Methods W Read More

Background Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical ultrasound have rapidly grown in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and visualize global research trends and hotspots of AI in medical ultrasound to provide guidance for further exploitation. Objective This study aims to highlight the global research trends and hotspots of the top 100 most-cited papers related to AI in medical ultrasound by combining q Read More

Purpose This study aimed to verify whether the Liver-to-portal Ratio (LPR) can assess the adequacy of the Hepatobiliary Phase (HBP) for patients with different liver functions. Methods A total of 125 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and graded into the non-cirrhosis group (45), Child-Pugh A group (40), and Child-Pugh B/C group (40). The LPR on HBP was calculated after eight HBPs were obtained within 5-40 min Read More

Introduction Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made significant contributions to diagnosing pneumonia from chest X-ray imaging. However, certain aspects of diagnosis and planning can be further enhanced through the implementation of a Quantum Deep Neural Network (QDNN). Therefore, we introduced a technique that integrates neural networks with quantum algorithms named the ZFNet-quantum neural netw Read More

Objective Challenging HR conditions, such as elevated Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), are major contributors to motion artifacts in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA). This study aims to assess the impact of a deep learning-based motion correction algorithm (MCA) on motion artifacts in patients with challenging HR conditions, focusing on image quality and diagnostic performance of Read More