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- Volume 19, Issue 33, 2013
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 19, Issue 33, 2013
Volume 19, Issue 33, 2013
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Emerging Anti-inflammatory Therapies for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Francois Roubille, Ekaterini A. Kritikou, Camille Roubille and Jean-Claude TardifAtherosclerosis remains one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is now accepted that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory, dynamic and complex disease involving multiple cell types, and many antiinflammatory strategies have recently emerged as potential therapeutic approaches for atherosclerotic disease. In this review, we discuss the most recent progress in the dev Read More
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T Cell-based Therapies for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth, Anton Gistera, Daniel K. Johansson and Goran K. HanssonCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), largely due to atherosclerosis, are the major causes of death in today’s world. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by retention and accumulation of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins, in particular lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), in the artery wall. This initiates pathological responses of immune cells that lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation. T cells are present du Read More
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Novel Monocyte Biomarkers of Atherogenic Conditions
Hidden low grade inflammation underlines various cardio-metabolic diseases. This type of inflammation is triggered by abnormal reaction to unwanted self products or deregulation of cellular response to cytokines. In the case of atherosclerosis hidden inflammation is induced by modified lipoproteins and develops under control of different cytokines including IL-4 and TGFβ. The key innate immune cells reacting on these fa Read More
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Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis of LDL by Macrophages: A Novel Target to Reduce Macrophage Cholesterol Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Lesions
More LessCirculating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that enters the blood vessel wall is the main source of cholesterol that accumulates within atherosclerotic plaques. Much of the deposited cholesterol accumulates within plaque macrophages converting these macrophages into cholesterol-rich foamy looking cells. Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages contributes to cholesterol retention within the vessel wall, and promotes vessel Read More
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Potential Use of Dendritic Cells for Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy
Authors: Ilse Van Brussel, Dorien M. Schrijvers, Emily A. Van Vre and Hidde BultThe chronic inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis is nowadays widely accepted. Dendritic cells (DCs) are likely to play a crucial role in directing innate and adaptive immunity against altered (self-)antigens, such as oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL). DCs are found in early lesions and their numbers become even higher when the lesion progresses. DCs are most abundant in areas of neovascularization where they are o Read More
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Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sian P. Cartland and Wendy JessupIt is recognized that the development of atherosclerosis involves many elements of an inflammatory process, involving components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The presence and roles of macrophages and T-cells in atherogenesis are wellestablished. More recently dendritic cells have been identified in the vasculature and in atherosclerotic lesions. This review summarises our current understanding Read More
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Naoxintong Protects against Atherosclerosis through Lipid-lowering and Inhibiting Maturation of Dendritic Cells in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice fed a High-fat Diet
Authors: Jingjing Zhao, Hong Zhu, Shijun Wang, Xin Ma, Xiangwei Liu, Cong Wang, Hangtian Zhao, Shuxia Fan, Xueting Jin, Buchang Zhao, Tao Zhao, Lifu Jia, Keqiang Wang, Yunzeng Zou, Kai Hu, Aijun Sun and Junbo GeNaoxintong (NXT), a Chinese Materia Medica standardized product, extracted from 16 various kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicines including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Angelica sinennsis, Astragali Radix, is clinically effective in treating atherosclerosisrelated diseases. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the anti-atherosclerosis effects of NXT might be mediated by suppressing maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in a mice m Read More
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Importance of Receptor-targeted Systems in the Battle Against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Elisabet Rosas, Igor Sobenin, Alexander Orekhov, Elazer R. Edelman and Mercedes BalcellsAtherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the Western World and has been for decades a field of intense research. Yet, while there is a rich and diverse literature describing in detail the players and mechanisms involved in this complex disease in cell and animal models, we remain today with virtually no reliable markers for early diagnosis and targeted treatments options. This review is centered upon the latter. We summ Read More
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Cyclophilins in Atherosclerosis: A New Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Michael Bukrinsky, Alexander Orekhov, Michael Ditiatkovski and Dmitri SviridovAtherosclerosis is a chronic disease with a significant inflammatory component. Recent studies indicate a role of extracellular cyclophilins as contributors to endothelial inflammation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this article, we review current literature on pro-inflammatory activities of extracellular cyclophilins and discuss possible approaches to selectively target this novel proinflammatory factor.
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Direct Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy; Development of Natural Anti-Atherosclerotic Drugs Preventing Cellular Cholesterol Retention
More LessThe results of numerous clinical trials with statins and other drugs have demonstrated the principal possibility of the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis by pharmacotherapy. This review describes the use of cultured human arterial cells for the mass screening of anti-atherosclerotic substances, the investigation of the mechanisms responsible for their atherosclerosis-related effects, and the optimization of anti-athero Read More
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Taking Risk Prediction to the Next Level. Advances in Biomarker Research for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Marten Siemelink, Sander van der Laan, Leo Timmers, Imo Hoefer and Gerard PasterkampAdvances in risk prediction are necessary to stem the tide of the increasing incidence of global cardiovascular disease. Newly discovered biomarkers are needed for primary and secondary prevention and will undoubtedly play a major role in drug development programs and monitoring of treatment efficacy. The combination of improved -omics technologies and the investigation of relatively untapped sources Read More
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Mitochondrial Mutations in Atherosclerosis: New Solutions in Research and Possible Clinical Applications
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many industrialized societies. Atherosclerosis is the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease based on arterial endothelial dysfunction caused by the impairment of endothelial-dependent dilation. Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular disease resulted from the harmful interactions between genetic and environmental factor Read More
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Blood Atherogenicity as a Target for Anti-atherosclerotic Therapy
Atherogenicity of serum taken from patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is the ability to induce cholesterol deposition in cultured cells, such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from human aortic intima or blood-derived monocytes/macrophages. The discovery of this phenomenon evoked the series of studies of serum components responsible for atherogenic effects, especially serum lipoproteins. A fraction of circul Read More
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The Complementary Roles of Imaging and ‘Omics’ for Future Anti-Atherosclerotic Drug Development
Authors: Rishi Puri and Steven E. NissenWith the rising global incidence and burden of atherosclerotic disease, there is a need to identify new molecular targets that may not only serve as biomarkers of clinical risk, but also therapeutic targets. The efficiency of drug-development processes needs to improve in order to allocate finite resources towards the evaluation of the most promising compounds. Atherosclerosis imaging provides key information regarding mecha Read More
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Anderson-Fabry Disease: A Multiorgan Disease
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A. FD causes glycolipids, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), to accumulate in the vascular endothelium of several organs (Fig. 2), including the skin, kidneys, nervous system, and heart, thereby triggering inflammation and fibrosis. These processes generally result in organ dysfunction, which is usually t Read More
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Fabry Disease and Cardiovascular Involvement
More LessFabry disease (FD, OMIM 301500) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder of the glycosphigolipid metabolism caused by total or partial deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-gal A). Progressive intralysosomal accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids in a variety of cell types triggers a cascade of pathophysiological events including cellular death, compromised energy metabolism, small ve Read More
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Gastroenterological Complications of Anderson-Fabry Disease
Authors: Piotr Buda, Janusz Ksiazyk and Anna Tylki-SzymanskaFabry disease is a multisystemic X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, caused by the partial or complete deficiency of alphagalactosidase A activity. The storage of glycosphingolipids in the vascular endothelium and in various tissues can lead to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and strokes are the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal symptoms, although comm Read More
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Neurological Complications of Anderson-Fabry Disease
Characteristic clinical manifestations of AFD such as acroparesthesias, angiokeratoma, corneal opacity, hypo/ and anhidrosis, gastrointestinal symptoms, renal and cardiac dysfunctions can occur in male and female patients, although heterozygous females with AFD usually seem to be less severely affected. The most prominent CNS manifestations consist of cerebrovascular events such as transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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