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- Volume 19, Issue 32, 2013
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 19, Issue 32, 2013
Volume 19, Issue 32, 2013
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Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications: Role of Sirtuins
Authors: Pankaj K. Bagul and Sanjay K. BanerjeeCardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major lifestyle associated disorders and leading causes of death worldwide. The incidence of CVD in diabetic patients has increased up to 3 folds and it became the major risk for diabetes associated morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance and oxidative stress both play a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. The high prevalence of CVD among diabetic pa Read More
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Why Does Obesity Increase the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Guenther Boden and Sajad SalehiInsulin resistance and inflammation are recognized as important links between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma free fatty acids (FFA), either released from the abnormally enlarged adipose tissue or as part of the excessive nutrient intake, produce insulin resistance and inflammation. Both insulin resistance and inflammation are tightly linked to several independent CVD risk factors such as type 2 diabetes Read More
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Cardiac Aging and Insulin Resistance: Could Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Signaling be used as a Therapeutic Target?
More LessIntrinsic cardiac aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with structural and functional changes that impede cardiac responses to stress and to cardio-protective mechanisms. Although systemic insulin resistance and the associated risk factors exacerbate cardiac aging, cardiac-specific insulin resistance without confounding systemic alterations, could prevent cardiac aging. Thus, strategies Read More
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Hyperglycemia-induced Oxidative Stress and its Role in Diabetes Mellitus Related Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Annamaria Prioletta, Pengou Zuo and Franco FolliDiabetes mellitus is associated to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia is an important factor in cardiovascular damage, working through different mechanisms such as activation of protein kinase C, polyol and hexosamine pathways, advanced glycation end products production. All of these pathways, in association to hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, Read More
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MicroRNAs as Early Biomarkers in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Maarten Hulsmans and Paul HolvoetThe increasing prevalence of obesity has significant implications for healthcare, more particularly since it is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, not every obese patient is at the same risk of developing future metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel biomarkers for early identification of obese patients at high risk. Possible can Read More
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Morbid Obesity
Authors: Maria Dolores Mauricio, Martin Aldasoro, Joaquin Ortega and Jose M. VilaMorbid obesity is a chronic multifunctional disease characterized by an accumulation of fat. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction, as defined by an imbalance between relaxing and contractile endothelial factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these cardiometabolic diseases. Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide ( Read More
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Insulin Resistance
Evidence is mounting of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance, diabetes and associated complications. This review aims to provide an overview of the effects of insulin resistance on mitochondrial function in several tissues. We consider the pathogenesis of insulin resistance from a mitochondrial perspective and contemplate potential beneficial effects of strategies aimed at modulating mitochondri Read More
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Roles of p38-MAPK in Insulin Resistant Heart: Evidence from Bench to Future Bedside Application
Authors: Sarawut Kumphune, Siriporn Chattipakorn and Nipon ChattipakornInsulin resistance is associated with the impairment of the response of insulin receptor to insulin, resulting in the reduction of glucose uptake, leading to the alteration of myocardial glucose metabolism, impairment of cardiac electrophysiology, and increased susceptibility to ischemia-induced myocardial injury. Insulin resistance is associated with the impairment of the intracellular insulin signal transduction pathway. A Read More
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Role of Adiponectin in the Metabolic Syndrome: Current Perspectives on its Modulation as a Treatment Strategy
Authors: Indira Padmalayam and Mark SutoAdiponectin, a secretory protein specifically expressed by adipose tissue, has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. A deficiency of adiponectin has been linked to a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities, including obesity and associated disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, collectively referred to as the Read More
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Structural, Biochemical and Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Markers in PCOS
Authors: Charikleia Christakou and Evanthia Diamanti-KandarakisPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome of reproductive and metabolic derangements. The combination of anovulation and hyperandrogenism signifies the classic form of PCOS which displays the adverse metabolic phenotype of the syndrome. This phenotype includes visceral obesity and insulin resistance as well as a constellation of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, mainly low grade inflamm Read More
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Mediators of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Miriam Ojeda-Ojeda, Mora Murri, Maria Insenser and Hector F. Escobar-MorrealeChronic low-grade subclinical inflammation has been increasingly recognized as an interposer in the endocrine, metabolic and reproductive disturbances that characterize the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Abdominal adiposity and obesity are often present in PCOS. Mounting evidence indicates that adipose tissue is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Continuous release of inflammatory mediat Read More
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Perioperative Management of Intracranial Aneurysm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Ehab Farag, Zeyd Ebrahim, David Traul, Irene Katzan and Edward MannoStroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in contemporary society. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a hemorrhagic stroke which accounts for 7% of all stroke cases and 22 to 25% of cerebrovascular deaths. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a very complex disease and many controversies on its pathophysiology and management have not yet been settled. The aim of this r Read More
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Small Cationic Antimicrobial Peptidomimetics: Emerging Candidate for the Development of Potential Anti-infective Agents
Authors: Sandeep Lohan and Gopal Singh BishtRapid increase in the emergence and spread of microbes resistant to conventionally used antibiotics has become a major threat to global health care. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as a potential source of novel antibiotics because of their numerous advantages such as broad-spectrum activity, lower tendency to induce resistance, immunomodulatory response and unique mode of action. However, AMPs have Read More
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Stroke Prevention in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: New Insight in Selection of Rhythm or Rate Control Therapy and Impact of Mean Platelet Volume
Authors: Soon-Pyo Hong, Dong-Hyun Choi, Hyun-Wook Kim, Bo-Bae Kim, Joong-Wha Chung, Young-Youp Koh and Kyong-Sig ChangThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of mean platelet volume (MPV) on the strategy for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with respect to stroke prevention. MPV was analyzed in 265 patients with AF who were undergoing treatment using rhythm or rate control. The primary endpoint was ischemic stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA) event. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher stroke rate Read More
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Differential Influences of Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy on Plasma Nesfatin-1 and Obestatin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wei-Jei Lee, Chih-Yen Chen, Kong-Han Ser, Keong Chong, Shu-Chun Chen, Pui-Ching Lee, You-Di Liao and Shou-Dong LeeObjective: The mechanisms by which bariatric surgeries, including gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), achieve remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sustained weight reduction are unknown. We hypothesized that the novel anorexic hormone nesfatin-1 and another new hormone obestatin might contribute to the marked improvement in glycemic homeostasis and weight loss in diabetics after GB and Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
- Issue 42
- Issue 41
- Issue 40
- Issue 39
- Issue 38
- Issue 37
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- Issue 32
- Issue 31
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- Issue 27
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- Issue 25
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- Issue 19
- Issue 18
- Issue 17
- Issue 16
- Issue 15
- Issue 28
- Issue 14
- Issue 13
- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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