Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 19, Issue 5, 2015

Recent works on dry anaerobic digestion (AD) show that not only methane but also hydrogen, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and ethanol can be produced from municipal solid waste (MSW), dewatered sewage sludge, animal manure or crop residue by dry AD processes. Up to now only methane production from household wastes has already been commercialized by using dry AD technology. Single-stage dry AD process Read More

The practice of disposing of waste in conventional dry-tomb landfills is not sustainable. A sustainable alternative is the landfill bioreactor and its variations. Landfill bioreactor approach includes specific design and operation techniques to enhance waste degradation and landfill gas (LFG) production. Although this approach has been known to landfill researchers and practitioners for a few decades, there are only a few suc Read More

The worldwide demand for energy is ever escalating commensurate with increasing populations and development. While fossil fuels as the current major energy resource are shrinking drastically, combustion of fossil fuel releases greenhouse gases, which are the main culprit for global warming and climate changes. Development of renewable energy appears to be a prominent solution to address these energy and environmenta Read More

Lignocellulosic biomass is regarded as a promising renewable resource that can be potentially used to provide second-generation biofuels or to produce chemicals. Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of lignocellulosic biomass has received considerable attention because of its feasibility and efficient generation of valuable products. Recently, much attention has been paid to the studies of using HTT as pretreatment of lignocel Read More

As one of the few long-term sustainable clean energy carriers, hydrogen (H2) has attracted a great deal of attention. It has been projected as the most promising source of energy with less pollution on environment, especially without CO2 emission. Biomass as a neutral carbon source is considered as an ideal primary energy source, which can be expected to gradually replace the depleting fossil fuels due to its worldwide Read More

Ionic liquids (ILS) are typically referred to as “green” or “designer” solvents. These solvents consist entirely of ionic species exhibiting many fascinating properties, such as non-flammability, low vapour pressure, wide electrochemical window and thermodynamic kinetic stability. Moreover, these remarkable properties can also be adjusted by using various synthesis methods. The application of ILs solves many major problem Read More

(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)(phenyl) phosphine oxide, and tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)phosphine oxide were obtained via iodination reactions of corresponding mono-, bis-, and tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxides. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies showed each homologue forms O-H···O=P and π-stacking interactions with neighboring molecules Read More

Photooxygenation of titled furans followed by reduction gives unsaturated 4-oxoaldehydes quantitatively. Some derivatives cyclize under slightly acid conditions or by silica gel to unusual 5,6- dioxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes and/or 5H-furanones. Under appropriate basic conditions 4-oxocarboxylic acids or their ring-tautomers 5-hydroxyfuranones are chemoselectively obtained in almost quantitative yields. All the procedures are on Read More