Skip to content
2000
Volume 3, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2666-8629
  • E-ISSN: 2666-8637

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Obesity is strongly associated with mood disorders. There is evidence that obesity and mood disorders may be related pathologically. Depression and manic episodes are more common among overweight or obese individuals. Human subjects have reported the restorative effects of probiotic supplementation on neuroendocrine functions. Gut microbiota, neuroendocrine status, and obesity are related. Magnesium enriches the gut microbiota. Based on the association between gut microbiota, magnesium levels, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders, we examined the possibility of co-supplementation of probiotics and magnesium in humans.

Methods

For 74 individuals, demographic data, quality of life scores (SF -12), depression, anxiety, and stress scores (DASS-21) were collected, along with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and serum cortisol levels. An SPSS analysis was performed.

Results

Both the intervention and control groups experienced significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. A significant improvement in mental health, role-emotional function, and vitality was observed in the probiotic and magnesium supplement group.

Conclusion

Magnesium supplements and probiotics increased vitality (VT) and mental health (MH) and reduced functional impairment from emotional stress (RE). They experienced fewer functional limitations because of physical conditions.

Clinical Trial Registration

IRCT20191127045525N1.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cff/10.2174/0126668629257875230920091340
2023-10-22
2025-01-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. ToupsM.S.P. MyersA.K. WisniewskiS.R. Relationship between obesity and depression: characteristics and treatment outcomes with antidepressant medication.Psychosom. Med.201375986387210.1097/PSY.0000000000000000 24163386
    [Google Scholar]
  2. KempD.E. GaoK. ChanP.K. GanocyS.J. FindlingR.L. CalabreseJ.R. Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: relationship between illnesses of the endocrine/metabolic system and treatment outcome.Bipolar Disord.201012440441310.1111/j.1399‑5618.2010.00823.x 20636638
    [Google Scholar]
  3. MansurR.B. BrietzkeE. McIntyreR.S. Is there a “metabolic-mood syndrome”? A review of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders.Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.2015528910410.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.017 25579847
    [Google Scholar]
  4. LuY. HajifathalianK. EzzatiM. WoodwardM. RimmE.B. DanaeiG. Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration (BMI Mediated Effects). Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants.Lancet2014383992197098310.1016/S0140‑6736(13)61836‑X 24269108
    [Google Scholar]
  5. TobiasD.K. PanA. JacksonC.L. Body-mass index and mortality among adults with incident type 2 diabetes.N. Engl. J. Med.2014370323324410.1056/NEJMoa1304501 24428469
    [Google Scholar]
  6. VannucchiG. ToniC. MaremmaniI. PerugiG. Does obesity predict bipolarity in major depressive patients?J. Affect. Disord.201415511812210.1016/j.jad.2013.10.035 24210626
    [Google Scholar]
  7. VogelzangsN. BeekmanA.T.F. BoelhouwerI.G. Metabolic Depression.J. Clin. Psychiatry201172559860410.4088/JCP.10m06559 21535996
    [Google Scholar]
  8. GuarnerF. MalageladaJ.R. Gut flora in health and disease.Lancet2003361935651251910.1016/S0140‑6736(03)12489‑0 12583961
    [Google Scholar]
  9. O’HaraA.M. ShanahanF. The gut flora as a forgotten organ.EMBO Rep.20067768869310.1038/sj.embor.7400731 16819463
    [Google Scholar]
  10. GuoT.L. ChenY. XuH.S. McDonoughC.M. HuangG. Gut microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions: The case of genistein.Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.202040211513010.1016/j.taap.2020.115130 32673657
    [Google Scholar]
  11. SudoN. ChidaY. AibaY. Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice.J. Physiol.2004558126327510.1113/jphysiol.2004.063388 15133062
    [Google Scholar]
  12. HeijtzR.D. WangS. AnuarF. Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA201110873047305210.1073/pnas.1010529108 21282636
    [Google Scholar]
  13. ClarkeG. GrenhamS. ScullyP. The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner.Mol. Psychiatry201318666667310.1038/mp.2012.77 22688187
    [Google Scholar]
  14. SavignacH.M. KielyB. DinanT.G. CryanJ.F. Bifidobacteria exert strain-specific effects on stress-related behavior and physiology in BALB/c mice.Neurogastroenterol. Motil.201426111615162710.1111/nmo.12427 25251188
    [Google Scholar]
  15. DinanT.G. StantonC. CryanJ.F. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic.Biol. Psychiatry2013741072072610.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001 23759244
    [Google Scholar]
  16. BoulangéC.L. NevesA.L. ChillouxJ. NicholsonJ.K. DumasM.E. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease.Genome Med.2016814210.1186/s13073‑016‑0303‑2 27098727
    [Google Scholar]
  17. SamuelB.S. ShaitoA. MotoikeT. Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA200810543167671677210.1073/pnas.0808567105 18931303
    [Google Scholar]
  18. TurnbaughP.J. LeyR.E. MahowaldM.A. MagriniV. MardisE.R. GordonJ.I. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest.Nature2006444712210271031
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Pyndt JørgensenB WintherG KihlP Dietary magnesium deficiency affects gut microbiota and anxiety-like behaviour in C57BL/6N mice.Acta Neuropsychiatr.201527530731110.1017/neu.2015.10 25773775
    [Google Scholar]
  20. CrowleyE. Long-SmithC. MurphyA. Dietary supplementation with a magnesium-rich marine mineral blend enhances the diversity of gastrointestinal microbiota.Mar. Drugs201816621610.3390/md16060216 29925774
    [Google Scholar]
  21. AbbasiB. KimiagarM. ShahidiS. ShiraziM.M. SadeghniiatK. PayabM. Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Mental Health in Elderly Subjects with Insomnia: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial.Majallah-i Ravanpizishki va Ravanshinasi-i Balini-i Iran2013191
    [Google Scholar]
  22. HunginA.P.S. MitchellC.R. WhorwellP. Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms - an updated evidence-based international consensus.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.20184781054107010.1111/apt.14539 29460487
    [Google Scholar]
  23. GourbeyreP. DeneryS. BodinierM. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: impact on the gut immune system and allergic reactions.J. Leukoc. Biol.201189568569510.1189/jlb.1109753 21233408
    [Google Scholar]
  24. KhalesiS. SunJ. BuysN. JayasingheR. Effect of probiotics on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.Hypertension201464489790310.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03469 25047574
    [Google Scholar]
  25. SteenbergenL. SellaroR. van HemertS. BoschJ.A. ColzatoL.S. A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood.Brain Behav. Immun.20154825826410.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.003 25862297
    [Google Scholar]
  26. NgQ.X. LimY.L. YaowC.Y.L. NgW.K. ThumbooJ. LiewT.M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota in patients with major depressive disorders: A systematic review.Nutrients2023156135110.3390/nu15061351 36986088
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Supplements OoDMagnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals National Institutes of Health.2022Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/
    [Google Scholar]
  28. SonawallaS.B. RosenbaumJ.F. Placebo response in depression.Dialogues Clin. Neurosci.2022 22034204
    [Google Scholar]
  29. ParkC. BrietzkeE. RosenblatJ.D. Probiotics for the treatment of depressive symptoms: An anti-inflammatory mechanism?Brain Behav. Immun.20187311512410.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.006 30009996
    [Google Scholar]
  30. ChahwanB. KwanS. IsikA. van HemertS. BurkeC. RobertsL. Gut feelings: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms.J. Affect. Disord.201925331732610.1016/j.jad.2019.04.097 31078831
    [Google Scholar]
  31. NishihiraJ. Kagami-KatsuyamaH. TanakaA. NishimuraM. KobayashiT. KawasakiY. Elevation of natural killer cell activity and alleviation of mental stress by the consumption of yogurt containing Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 and Bifidobacterium longum SBT2928 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.J. Funct. Foods20141126126810.1016/j.jff.2014.09.002
    [Google Scholar]
  32. MohammadiA.A. JazayeriS. Khosravi-DaraniK. The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in petrochemical workers.Nutr. Neurosci.201619938739510.1179/1476830515Y.0000000023 25879690
    [Google Scholar]
  33. PouteauE. Kabir-AhmadiM. NoahL. Superiority of magnesium and vitamin B6 over magnesium alone on severe stress in healthy adults with low magnesemia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial.PLoS One20181312e020845410.1371/journal.pone.0208454 30562392
    [Google Scholar]
  34. OsterH. ChalletE. OttV. The functional and clinical significance of the 24-hour rhythm of circulating glucocorticoids.Endocr. Rev.201738134510.1210/er.2015‑1080 27749086
    [Google Scholar]
  35. JoëlsM. Corticosteroid actions in the hippocampus.J. Neuroendocrinol.200113865766910.1046/j.1365‑2826.2001.00688.x 11489082
    [Google Scholar]
  36. GulyaevaN.V. Functional neurochemistry of the ventral and dorsal hippocampus: stress, depression, dementia and remote hippocampal damage.Neurochem. Res.20194461306132210.1007/s11064‑018‑2662‑0 30357653
    [Google Scholar]
  37. DruzhkovaT.A. YakovlevA.A. RiderF.K. ZinchukM.S. GuekhtA.B. GulyaevaN.V. Elevated serum cortisol levels in patients with focal epilepsy, depression, and comorbid epilepsy and depression.Int. J. Mol. Sci.202223181041410.3390/ijms231810414 36142325
    [Google Scholar]
  38. AmiraniE. MilajerdiA. MirzaeiH. The effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Complement. Ther. Med.20204910236110.1016/j.ctim.2020.102361 32147043
    [Google Scholar]
  39. MahboobiS. GhasvarianM. GhaemH. AlipourH. AlipourS. EftekhariM.H. Effects of probiotic and magnesium co-supplementation on mood, cognition, intestinal barrier function and inflammation in individuals with obesity and depressed mood: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.Front. Nutr.20229101835710.3389/fnut.2022.1018357 36245482
    [Google Scholar]
  40. AkkashehG. Kashani-PoorZ. Tajabadi-EbrahimiM. Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Nutrition201632331532010.1016/j.nut.2015.09.003 26706022
    [Google Scholar]
  41. ShinkaiS. TobaM. SaitoT. Immunoprotective effects of oral intake of heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 in elderly adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Br. J. Nutr.2013109101856186510.1017/S0007114512003753 22947249
    [Google Scholar]
  42. RitchieM.L. RomanukT.N. A meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases.PLoS One201274e3493810.1371/journal.pone.0034938 22529959
    [Google Scholar]
  43. BamblingM. EdwardsS.C. HallS. VitettaL. A combination of probiotics and magnesium orotate attenuate depression in a small SSRI resistant cohort: an intestinal anti-inflammatory response is suggested.Inflammopharmacology201725227127410.1007/s10787‑017‑0311‑x 28155119
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cff/10.2174/0126668629257875230920091340
Loading
/content/journals/cff/10.2174/0126668629257875230920091340
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Research Article
Keyword(s): bipolar disorder; mood disorders; obesity; pathologically; stress scores; Vitality (VT)
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test