Background Inflammation infection autoimmune diseases or malignancy can cause the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes; therefore clinicians should always take detailed history and physical examination to screen the patient for lymphadenopathy. Objectives The aim and objective of the current study was to assess the pattern of diseases causing lymphadenopathies in the Pakistani Population. Methodology The current study was a cross-sectional stu Read More

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and highly prevalent malignancy affecting women globally. Breast cancer treatments have been demonstrated to elicit significant and long-lasting effects on various aspects of a patient's life including physical emotional social and financial highlighting the need for comprehensive cancer care. Recent research suggests that the composition and activity of the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in anticance Read More

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease that frequently results in end-stage renal disorders and is characterized by proteinuria albuminuria decreased filtration and renal fibrosis. Despite the fact that there are a number of therapeutic alternatives available DN continues to be the main contributor to end-stage renal disease. Therefore significant innovation is required to enhance outcomes in DN patients.MethodsInformation was c Read More

Unlocking the secrets of reproductive success in domestic animals requires a deep understanding of the molecular biology and immunology of spermatozoa capacitation fertilization and conception. This review highlights the complex processes involved in spermatogenesis and sperm capacitation including changes in membrane properties signaling pathways and the crucial acrosome reaction. The interaction with the zona pellucida in species-specific gamete Read More

BackgroundJoint contracture is a common clinical problem affecting joint function. Capsule fibrosis plays a pivotal role in the progression of joint contracture. Previous studies have reported that autophagy plays a regulatory role in visceral fibrosis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and melatonin alleviate joint capsule fibrosis in rats with extended knee joint contracture by regulating autophagy.Met Read More

BackgroundResistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the clinical management of gastric cancer and the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance remain largely unknown.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the involvement of ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) a deubiquitinating enzyme in gastric cancer chemoresistanceMethodsUSP5 expression was analyzed in fifty paired gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues chemo-sensitive and ch Read More

Background Previous studies have suggested that gut microbiota and immune system regulation have potential links with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However the causal association between gut microbiota and T2D and whether immune cells mediate this interaction is unclear. Methods A two-sample two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilizing an initial inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed to explore the causal impact of gut microbiot Read More

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) the most common cardiac arrhythmia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AF but the causal relationship between specific inflammatory proteins and AF risk is not well established. This study aims to clarify this relationship using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach. Methods Employing a bidirectional Mendelian Read More

Introduction Liquid biopsies have great potential for precision medicine as they provide information about primary and metastatic tumors using minimally invasive techniques. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for detecting gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the study was to identify miR molecules associated with autophagy in gastric cancer (GC) cells determine their expression levels in GC and FLOT-treated patients and assess the efficacy of Read More

Objective This study aimed to investigate the roles of Mucin 1 (MUC1) the PI3K/AKT pathway and enterocyte apoptosis in Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC). Methods Using an NEC Caco-2 cell model retinoic acid treatment and MUC1 gene silencing were employed. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis while quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the gene and protein expressions of MUC1 PI3K Akt and factors rela Read More