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- Volume 27, Issue 2, 2021
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 27, Issue 2, 2021
Volume 27, Issue 2, 2021
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Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease?
Authors: Ilkay E. Orhan and Fatma S.S. DenizXanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol Read More
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Mitochondrial-induced Epigenetic Modifications: From Biology to Clinical Translation
Authors: Jahnavi Sharma, Roshani Kumari, Arpit Bhargava, Rajnarayan Tiwari and Pradyumna K. MishraMitochondria are maternally inherited semi-autonomous organelles that play a central role in redox balance, energy metabolism, control of integrated stress responses, and cellular homeostasis. The molecular communication between mitochondria and the nucleus is intricate and bidirectional in nature. Though mitochondrial genome encodes for several key proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, several re Read More
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Mutations of mtDNA in some Vascular and Metabolic Diseases
Background: The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease, complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and, as a result, death. In particular, a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases, such as Read More
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Alkaloids of Peganum harmala: Anticancer Biomarkers with Promising Outcomes
Authors: Atefeh Jalali, Farid Dabaghian and Mohammad M. ZarshenasBackground: Cancer is a serious and growing global health issue worldwide. In the cancerous cells, the normal cell cycle has been disrupted via a series of irreversible changes. Recently, the investigations on herbal medicine and clarifying the phytochemicals potential in treat cancer has been increased. The combination of phytochemicals with conventional cancer treatment approaches can improve outcomes via advancing ce Read More
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The Impact of Immune Cell-derived Exosomes on Immune Response Initiation and Immune System Function
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that pass genetic material between various cells to modulate or alter their biological function. The role of exosomes is to communicate with the target cell for cell-to-cell communication. Their inherent characteristics of exosomes, such as adhesion molecules, allow targeting specifically to the receiving cell. Exosomes are involved in cell to cell communication in the immune system in Read More
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Predictive Value of Sirtuins in Acute Myocardial Infarction - Bridging the Bench to the Clinical Practice
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a non-transmissible condition with high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Different strategies for the management of AMI are employed worldwide, but its early diagnosis remains a major challenge. Many molecules have been proposed in recent years as predictive agents in the early detection of AMI, including troponin (C, T, and I), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, myoglobin, heart Read More
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The Ligands of Translocator Protein: Design and Biological Properties
Authors: Grigory V. Mokrov, Olga A. Deeva and Tatiana A. GudashevaIn 2020, it is already 43 years since Braestrup and Squires discovered 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), known until 2006 as "peripheral benzodiazepine receptor". During this time, the functions of this receptor, which is located on the outer membrane of mitochondria, were studied in detail. One of the key functions of TSPO is the transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is the l Read More
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Indolic Structure Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Non-infectious Diseases
Authors: Natalia V. Beloborodova, Ekaterina A. Chernevskaya and Maria L. GetsinaInterest in indolic structure metabolites, including a number of products of microbial biotransformation of the aromatic amino acid tryptophan, is increasingly growing. The review prepared by a team of authors is based on in-depthscrutiny of data available in PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Library, eventually narrowing the search to a set of keywords such as tryptophan metabolites; plasma meta Read More
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Developing Novel Anticancer Drugs for Targeted Populations: An Update
Authors: Tadesse B. Tafesse, Mohammed H. Bule, Fazlullah Khan, Mohammad Abdollahi and Mohsen AminiBackground: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish. Objectives: This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted antic Read More
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High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and its Implications in Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Andrea Denegri and Giuseppe BorianiAtherosclerosis and its fearsome complications represent the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last two decades, several pieces of evidence have been accumulated, suggesting a central role of inflammation in atheroma development. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a well-established marker of cardiovascular (CV) disease; high levels of hsCRP have been associated with adverse CV outcom Read More
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Do Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Play a Key Role in the Chronification of Sterile Inflammation? Special Focus on Atherosclerosis
Background: The aim of the elucidation of mechanisms implicated in the chronification of inflammation is to shed light on the pathogenesis of disorders that are responsible for the majority of the incidences of diseases and deaths, and also causes of ageing. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most significant inflammatory pathology. The inflammatory response of innate immunity is implicated in the development of atheros Read More
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Pain Biomarkers in Cancer: An Overview
Background: Pain is a common symptom in oncologic patients and its management is generally guided with reference to pain individually perceived by patients and expressed through self-reported scales. However, the utility of these tools is limited as it strongly depends on patients’ opinions. For this reason, more objective instruments are desirable. Objective: In this overview, scientific articles indicating potential markers to be us Read More
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Can Molecular Biology Propose Reliable Biomarkers for Diagnosing Major Depression?
Background: Modern medicine has provided considerable knowledge of the pathophysiology of mental disorders at the body, systemic, organ and neurochemical levels of the biological organization of the body. Modern clinical diagnostics of depression have some problems, that is why psychiatric society makes use of diagnostics and taxonomy of different types of depression by implemention of modern molecular biom Read More
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Steroid-resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: A Mini-review on Genetic Mechanisms, Predictive Biomarkers and Pharmacotherapy Strategies
Authors: Hong-Li Guo, Ling Li, Ze-Yue Xu, Xia Jing, Ying Xia, Jin-Chun Qiu, Xing Ji, Feng Chen, Jing Xu and Fei ZhaoSteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) constitutes the second most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease in childhood. The etiology of SRNS remains largely unknown and no standardized treatment exists. Recent advances in genomics have helped to build understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of the disease. The genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins which are involved in t Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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- Issue 1
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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