Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 24, Issue 46, 2018

Background: Aldosterone, through its actions on Mineralcorticosteroid Receptors (MR), controls fluid and electrolyte balance, but also exerts various direct deleterious actions on the vasculature. A number of aldosterone antagonists have been manufactured to reverse these effects. Objective: A comprehensive review of the underlying mechanisms of the actions of aldosterone and its antagonists in cardiovascular disease. Metho Read More

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are a second-line class of antihypertensive drugs, which have been accounted for as the optimal add-on therapy in the triple algorithm for the management of resistant hypertension. Objectives: To assess the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension and resistant hypertension. Method: We conducted a metic Read More

Background: Primary aldosteronism is the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Patients suffering from this clinical syndrome have an increased cardiovascular risk and target organ damage. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the optimal pharmaceutical option for the management of such patients. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in the treatme Read More

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a worldwide modern epidemic, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several causes have been identified for the syndrome, most of which share common pathophysiologic pathways, including neurohormonal activation. Central to the latter lies activation of the reninangiotensin- aldosterone system, and its effects on cardiovascular disease progression. Objectives: The aim of this Read More

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with increased risk for hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Currently, there is no established treatment to improve the survival of these patients. Aldosterone appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. Objective: To discuss the findings of studies that evaluated the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists on the outc Read More

Background: The use of single RAS-blockade is currently the recommended first-line treatment for proteinuric diabetic or non-diabetic nephropathy, as these agents were repeatedly shown in studies with hard renal outcomes to retard the progression of renal injury. However, CKD will continue to progress on optimum single RAS-blockade, and other options to ameliorate renal injury were explored. Dual RAS-blockad Read More

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists consist of a class of drugs with pleiotropic beneficial effects in several cardiovascular diseases. However, physicians frequently overlook their use due to the adverse effects of such agents. Objectives: To determine the adverse effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and to suggest clinically meaningful options. We present data on the two most administered age Read More

Background: Hyperkalemia is an important clinical problem that is associated with significant lifethreatening complications. Several conditions are associated with increased risk for hyperkalemia such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. Objective: The purpose of this review is to present and critically discuss treatment options for the Read More

Background: Targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis is one of the most important therapeutic pathways for blood pressure control, renal and cardiovascular protection. Objective: In this review, the new nonsteroidal mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists will be presented with a special focus on finerenone and its randomized controlled trials along with an introduction to the clinically promising aldosterone synthase inhibi Read More

Background: Besides the numerous biologic and pharmacologic functions in the human body that act as potent antioxidants, flavonoids (flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanols and isoflavones) are noted as cancer preventive or therapeutic agents. Methods: This review summarizes the published data using PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. Results: In this context, recognition and introduction of the most active cytoto Read More

Background: Among polyphenolic compounds suggested to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and to explain the “French paradox”, the anthocyanidin delphinidin (Dp) has been reported to support at least partly the vascular beneficial effects of dietary polyphenolic compounds including those from fruits and related products as red wine. It has also been highlighted that Dp interacts directly with the active site of Read More

Background: The effect of drugs on ATP-binding cassette transporters, especially permeabilityglycoprotein (P-gp), is an important consideration during new anti-cancer drug development. Objective: In this context, the effects of a newly synthesized artemisinin derivative, 10-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol)-artemisinin (5a), were evaluated on P-gp expression and function. Methods: Reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction Read More