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- Volume 18, Issue 31, 2012
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 18, Issue 31, 2012
Volume 18, Issue 31, 2012
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The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (Ghs-R)
Authors: Alessandro Laviano, Alessio Molfino, Serena Rianda and Filippo Rossi FanelliThe growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) is a component of the ghrelin signaling pathway and is involved in mediating the pleiotropic effects of ghrelin. Two isoforms have been identified, but only GHS-R1a binds with acyl ghrelin and transduces its message. However, the inactive variant of GHS-R, GHS-R1b, appears to play a critical role in modulating the activity of GHS-R1a by forming heterodimeric complexes wh Read More
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Ghrelin and Motilin in the Gastrointestinal System
Authors: Chih-Yen Chen and Chang-Youh TsaiHuman ghrelin and human motilin, belonging to the ghrelin/motilin-related peptide family, share 36% amino acid sequence identity, while the human ghrelin receptor exhibits a remarkable 50% overall identity with the human motilin receptor. In addition to their structural resemblance, ghrelin and motilin are the only two mammalian hormones known to decrease in the postprandial period. Ghrelin and motilin participate Read More
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The Role of NPY and Ghrelin in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lei Zhang, Miyuki Yagi and Herbert HerzogComplex mechanisms have evolved that control feeding and energy homeostasis in mammals. Centrally, particularly in the hypothalamus, numerous neurotransmitters have been identified that regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, hormones released from the gut signal states of hunger and satiety to the brain. From the large number of players involved in this interplay, peptides from the neuro Read More
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The Use of Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Agonists as a Treatment for Animal Models of Disease: Efficacy and Mechanism
More LessGhrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that acts at the ghrelin receptor (formerly called the Growth Hormone Secretagogue (GHS)-1a receptor) in multiple tissues throughout the body, exhibiting pleotropic effects potentially beneficial as a treatment in human disease states. Given its properties including increasing appetite, decreasing systemic inflammation, decreasing vascular resistance, increasing cardiac output, and increasi Read More
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Clinical Application of Ghrelin
More LessGhrelin as a human natural hormone is involved in fundamental regulatory processes of eating and energy balance. Ghrelin signals the nutrient availability from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system, up-regulates food intake and lowers energy expenditure mainly through hypothalamic mediators acting both centrally and peripherally including the gastrointestinal tract (motility, epithelium), promotes both n Read More
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Cachexia and Oxidative Stress in Cancer: An Innovative Therapeutic Management
Authors: Giovanni Mantovani, Clelia Madeddu and Antonio MaccioCachexia influences morbidity, mortality and quality of life of cancer patients at advanced stage of disease. Therefore, the knowledge of its pathophysiology is critical to develop effective therapies to be integrated in the comprehensive approach of cancer patients. Oxidative stress, unless counteracted by effective antioxidant therapies, contributes to the development of anorexia and cachexia in cancer patients. In t Read More
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The Use of Herbal Medicine in Cancer-related Anorexia/ Cachexia Treatment Around the World
Authors: Kai-Chun Cheng, Ying-Xiao Li and Juei-Tang ChengCancer-related cachexia, a condition in which the body is consumed by deranged carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism that is induced by inflammatory cytokines. Cachexia is associated with poor treatment outcome, fatigue and poor quality of life. Pharmacological intervention in the treatment and/or prevention of cachexia has been mainly aimed at the use of appetite enhancers to increase oral nutritional intake so f Read More
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Rikkunshito and Ghrelin Secretion
Authors: Hiroshi Takeda, Shuichi Muto, Koji Nakagawa, Shunsuke Ohnishi and Masahiro AsakaRikkunshito is a kampo herbal medicine which is widely used in Japan for the treatment of the upper gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspeptic symptoms of postgastrointestinal surgery patients, and chemotherapy-induced dyspepsia in cancer patients. Recently, very unique characteristics of rikkunshito have been unveiled; oral admin Read More
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A Review of Traditional Japanese Medicines and their Potential Mechanism of Action
Authors: Yasuhito Uezono, Kanako Miyano, Yuka Sudo, Masami Suzuki, Seiji Shiraishi and Kiyoshi TerawakiTraditional Japanese herbal, or Kampo medicine was developed and modified from Chinese herbal medicine. After the Japanese government approved Kampo for clinical use, much attention has been paid to establishing scientific evidence for the effectiveness of these medicines. Recent progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of action of some types of Kampo medicine, including rikkunshito (RKT), daikenc Read More
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Neurohormones, Rikkunshito and Hypothalamic Neurons Interactively Control Appetite and Anorexia
Ghrelin is the orexigenic peptide produced in the periphery, and its plasma level shows remarkable pre/postprandial changes. Ghrelin is considered a pivotal signal to the brain to stimulate feeding. Hence, characterizing the target neurons for ghrelin in the hypothalamic feeding center and the signaling cascade in the target neurons are essential for understanding the mechanisms regulating appetite. Anorexia and cachexia ass Read More
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Cachexia and Herbal Medicine: Perspective
Authors: Hajime Suzuki, Akihiro Asakawa, Haruka Amitani, Norifumi Nakamura and Akio InuiKampo, a form of traditional herbal medical practice, has become a substance of interest for scientific research. Although earlier clinical reports concerning Kampo are abundant, the scientific investigation of Kampo has a very short history. However, the process of acquiring quantifiable clinical trial evidence on herbal medicine is now clearly underway. The development of multi-component herbal medicines capable of tar Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
- Issue 38
- Issue 37
- Issue 36
- Issue 35
- Issue 34
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- Issue 32
- Issue 31
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- Issue 29
- Issue 28
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- Issue 18
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- Issue 15
- Issue 14
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- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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