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- Volume 18, Issue 25, 2012
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 18, Issue 25, 2012
Volume 18, Issue 25, 2012
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Breaking the Barrier in Stroke: What Should we Know? A Mini-Review
Authors: Cesar V. Borlongan, Antonio A. Rodrigues and Maria Carolina OliveiraThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been considered as an important regulator of brain homeostasis, and its disturbance has been implicated in the onset and/or evolution of many pathological manifestations of neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases [1, 2]. In particular, BBB breakdown has been closely associated with the primary insult, as well as the secondary cell death of stroke. Here, we review the pioneering contrib Read More
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Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Glial Support: Mechanisms that can be Targeted for Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Stroke
Authors: Patrick T. Ronaldson and Thomas P. DavisThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical regulator of brain homeostasis. Additionally, the BBB is the most significant obstacle to effective CNS drug delivery. It possesses specific charcteristics (i.e., tight junction protein complexes, influx and efflux transporters) that control permeation of circulating solutes including therapeutic agents. In order to form this “barrier,” brain microvascular endothelial cells require support of a Read More
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Neurovascular Matrix Metalloproteinases and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Ji Hae Seo, Shuzhen Guo, Josephine Lok, Deepti Navaratna, Michael J. Whalen, Kyu-Won Kim and Eng H. LoBlood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and brain edema is a critical part of stroke pathophysiology. In this mini-review, we briefly survey the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in BBB dysfunction. A large body of data in both experimental models as well as clinical patient populations suggests that MMPs may disrupt BBB permeability and interfere with cell-cell signaling in the neurovascular unit. Hence, ong Read More
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Mechanisms of Endogenous Endothelial Repair in Stroke
Authors: Toru Yamashita and Koji AbeRecent evidence indicates that circulating endothelial progenitor cells can play an important role, not only in endothelium homeostasis of the pre-stroke brain, but also in angiogenesis of the post-stroke brain. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are considered to repair endothelial cells by incorporating them into newly formed vessels, or by releasing pro-angiogenic factors. The number or function of circulating endothelial Read More
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The Role of Pericytes in Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Stroke
Authors: Shuo Liu, Dritan Agalliu, Chuanhui Yu and Mark FisherCentral nervous system pericytes have critical and complex inductive, structural, and regulatory roles interacting with other cell types of the neurovascular unit, especially endothelial cells and astrocytes. Pericyte-endothelial interactions are particularly prominent for blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, with profound effects on basement membrane and endothelial tight junction structure and function. Under experim Read More
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Cerebral Aneurysm as an Exacerbating Factor in Stroke Pathology and a Therapeutic Target for Neuroprotection
Stroke remains a major cause of death in the US and around the world. Despite major scientific advances in our understanding of stroke pathology, the only FDA-approved drug for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Moreover, the therapeutic window for tPA is confined to the acute phase of stroke, thereby greatly limiting its benefits to less than 3% of ischemic stroke patients. Many treatment strategies for str Read More
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Permeating the Blood Brain Barrier and Abrogating the Inflammation in Stroke: Implications for Stroke Therapy
Authors: Cesar V. Borlongan, Loren E. Glover, P. R. Sanberg and David C. HessCell therapy has been shown as a potential treatment for stroke and other neurological disorders. Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) may be a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy. The most desired outcomes occur when stem cells cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and eventually reach the injured brain site. We propose, from our previous studies, that mannitol is capable of disrupting the BBB, allowing t Read More
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Vascular Protection to Increase the Safety of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Stroke
Authors: Tauheed Ishrat, Sahar Soliman, Weihua Guan, Mihaela Saler and Susan C. FaganThrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but can cause vascular damage leading to edema formation and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In this review, we discuss how tPA contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular damage and highlight evidence to support combination therapy of tPA with pharmacological agents that are va Read More
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Tracking Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy in Stroke
Authors: Nathan C. Manley and Gary K. SteinbergStem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for stroke. The development of effective ways to monitor transplanted stem cells is essential to understand how stem cell transplantation enhances stroke recovery and ultimately will be an indispensable tool for advancing stem cell therapy to the clinic. In this review, we describe existing methods of tracking transplanted stem cells in vivo, includi Read More
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A Series of Novel Neuroprotective Blood Brain Barrier Penetrating Flavonoid Drugs to Treat Acute Ischemic Stroke
More LessStroke is the 4th leading cause of death and disability in adults in the USA. However, in the majority of patients, the detrimental effects of an ischemic insult go untreated because of the lack of efficacious neuroprotective compounds. Using naturally occurring compounds as a building block to create efficacious neuroprotective compounds that cross the blood brain barrier may eventually benefit the stroke patients. Ho Read More
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Delivery of Neurotherapeutics Across the Blood Brain Barrier in Stroke
Authors: Xiaoming Hu, Meijuan Zhang, Rehana K Leak, Yu Gan, Peiying Li, Yanqin Gao and Jun ChenStroke is a devastating disease with few therapeutic options. Despite our growing understanding of the critical mechanistic events in post-stroke brain injury, the clinical translation of these findings has been less effective. A monumental hurdle to the field has been the inability of many systemically applied therapies to efficiently cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and enter brain cells. Over the last two decades, however Read More
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CD36 as a Therapeutic Target for Endothelial Dysfunction in Stroke
By Sunghee ChoStroke pathology involves multifactorial pro-death responses, including inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and activation of necrotic and apoptotic pathways. The interruption of a single specific pathway in defined stroke model systems has not been sufficient to address the multifactorial nature of stroke-induced injuries in the human population. CD36 is a class B scavenger receptor that functions in regul Read More
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Cell Therapy for Stroke: Emphasis on Optimizing Safety and Efficacy Profile of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) correspond to a population of cells with novel properties capable of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, thus they are likely to display unique role in the reconstitution of the blood brain barrier (BBB) after stroke. Laboratory evidence supports safety and efficacy of cell therapy for stroke, with limited clinical trials recently initiated. This lab-to-clinic ascent of cellbased therapeutics has been aided b Read More
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Review of Dose-intense Platinum and/or Paclitaxel Containing Chemotherapy in Advanced and Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ingrid A. Boere and Maria E.L. van der BurgOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer in women in the western world with a 5-year survival of 49.7%. Advanced stage ovarian cancer is treated both surgically and with chemotherapy, but despite initial high response rates of 60- 75%, many women experience disease recurrence with a dismal prognosis, 5 year overall survival for FIGO stage IIIc and IV disease being only 32 and 18%. In an attempt to im Read More
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Trabectedin as a New Chemotherapy Option in the Treatment of Relapsed Platinum Sensitive Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bradley J. Monk, Heather Dalton, Ivor Benjamin and Adnan TanovicTrabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis®) is a novel marine antineoplastic alkaloid with a unique mechanism of action. The active substance trabectedin, a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, is a natural product originally isolated from the Caribbean sea squirt, Ecteinascidia turbinata and is currently manufactured by total synthesis. Trabectedin is licensed by the Spanish pharmaceutical drug company, PharmaMar and co-developed b Read More
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The Role of PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Anna V. Tinker and Karen GelmonHomologous recombination (HR), a key mechanism of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, is commonly defective in high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) of the ovary. BRCA1/2 mutations, as well as many other molecular and genetic defects, can lead to impaired HR. Treatment of HR-defective tumours with poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which block the key mechanism of single strand DNA breaks (S Read More
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The Role of Bevacizumab in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Judith R. Kroep and Johan W.R. NortierBackground: There is a strong rationale for usage of anti-angiogenic agents in epithelial ovarian cancer. Bevacizumab is the most widely investigated anti-VEGF agent and has shown promising results in recent clinical trials. Objective: To review the rationale and usage of bevacizumab in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer; as mono-therapy, in combination with chemotherapy both as first line and for recurrent ovarian c Read More
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Multiple VEGF Family Members are Simultaneously Expressed in Ovarian Cancer: a Proposed Model for Bevacizumab Resistance
Objective: Insight into the expression of multiple vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members can support the implementation of anti-angiogenic therapy. This study aimed to assess VEGF family member expression in ovarian cancers and related omental metastases. Methods: Tissue microarrays encompassing 270 primary cancers and 112 paired metastases were immunostained for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C a Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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