Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 18, Issue 28, 2012

In many ways, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder and this issue is confirmed by recent investigations of that have focused on inflammation, providing new insight into mechanisms of disease. Several recent studies have addressed the role of chemokines in leukocyte accumulation in atherosclerosis, extending our knowledge and understanding of the complex and cell typespecific functions of chemoki Read More

Determining the cause of stroke does influence choices for management. categorization of subtypes of ischemic stroke has had considerable study, but definitions are hard to formulate and their application for diagnosis in an individual patient is often problematic. Cerebral ischemia initiates a complex cascade of events at genomic, molecular, and cellular levels, and inflammation is important in this cascade. In 1993 for For the Read More

Atherosclerosis is considered an inflammatory disease. T-cells, macrophages, and mast cells infiltrate atherosclerotic plaques and platelets play an essential role releasing inflammatory mediators that stimulate plaque progression. This is important in acute coronary syndromes but it is also the mechanism involved in plaque progresion and endothelial dysfunction. Antiplatelet drugs exert their effects not only by inhibition of plate Read More

It is well established that physically fit individuals have a reduced risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease) and other age-related chronic disorders. Regular exercise is an established therapeutic intervention with an enormous range of benefits. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may be involved in atherosclerosis, diabetes and in pathogenesis of several chronic pathological conditions; recent finding Read More

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects a large number of individuals over the age of 55 years old, and data from studies has shown a relationship between inflammation, and PAD. Many researchers have not only focused on the role played by inflammatory biomarkers and the progression of PAD, but also on the efficiency of biomarkers in monitoring medical, surgical and interventional strategies in PAD patients. In this review, Read More

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) constitutes the major cause of death in most nations and death rates and morbidity remain substantial in the years thereafter. Inflammation is a hallmark throughout the distinct stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation preceding AMI as well as at the time of plaque rupture and during the post-infarct repair phase. Epidemiological, genetic, clinical and experimental evidence converges on in Read More

From the onset to the healing stage of acute coronary syndromes, an endless inflammation has been presented with complex, multiple cross-talk mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Even though the early reperfusion treatment either by thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention provides the excellent clinical benefits in patients with acute coronary syndromes, ischemia/ reperfusion injury ma Read More

The role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease and in hypertensive disease above all, is complex. Several studies confirm that activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system (RAAS), through increase in the production of angiotensin II (Ang II), is closely related to local vascular inflammation. Over the BP lowering effects of anti-hypertensive treatments, several ancillary effects for every class may be found, distin Read More

In the mouse postoperative ileus model, we have shown an increase in oxidative stress after intestinal manipulation occurring earlier in the mucosa than in the muscular layer, which might contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction. To address these findings in vitro, we assessed TNF-α/cycloheximide (CHX)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse intestinal epithelial cell line, MODE-K. The influence of heme o Read More

Cell replacement therapy with stem cells holds tremendous therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Over the last decade, molecular imaging techniques have proven to be of great value in tracking transplanted cells and assessing the therapeutic efficacy. This current review summarizes the role and capabilities of different molecular imaging modalities including optical imaging, nuclear imaging and m Read More