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- Volume 14, Issue 23, 2008
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 14, Issue 23, 2008
Volume 14, Issue 23, 2008
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Editorial [Hot topic: Endocannabinoid Signaling and Neuroinflammatory Diseases (Executive Editor: Mauro Maccarrone)]
More LessEndocannabinoids are endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors, and comprise amides, esters and ethers of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are the best-studied members of this new class of lipid mediators [1]. It is now widely accepted that the in vivo concentration and biological activity of endocannabinoids are largely dependent on a “metaboli Read More
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“The Tools of the Trade” - An Overview of the Pharmacology of the Endocannabinoid System
More LessThe endocannabinoid system can be manipulated pharmacologically in a variety of ways, including directly acting agonists and inverse agonists, and indirectly acting compounds which affect the synthesis, cellular accumulation and metabolism of the two main endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. In this overview, the most commonly used compounds are discussed, primarily with respect to their targets Read More
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CNS Immune Surveillance and Neuroinflammation: Endocannabinoids Keep Control
Authors: Susanne A. Wolf, Svantje Tauber and Oliver UllrichTo avoid inflammatory escalation, the central nervous system (CNS) harbors an impressive arsenal of cellular and molecular mechanisms enabling strict control of immune reactions. We here summarize studies suggesting that the old paradigm of the “CNS immune privilege” is overly simplistic. The immune system is allowed to keep the CNS under surveillance, but in a strictly controlled, limited and well-regulated manner. The fir Read More
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Mechanisms of Control of Neuron Survival by the Endocannabinoid System
Authors: Ismael Galve-Roperh, Tania Aguado, Javier Palazuelos and Manuel GuzmanEndocannabinoids act as retrograde messengers that, by inhibiting neurotransmitter release via presynaptic CB1 cannabinoid receptors, regulate the functionality of many synapses. In addition, the endocannabinoid system participates in the control of neuron survival. Thus, CB1 receptor activation has been shown to protect neurons from acute brain injury as well as in neuroinflammatory conditions and neurodegenerativ Read More
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Expression and Function of the Endocannabinoid System in Glial Cells
Authors: Paola Massi, Marta Valenti, Daniele Bolognini and Daniela ParolaroIn the last few years the role and significance of the glia in CNS function and pathology have been drastically reassessed. Glial cells physiology appears very different in healthy versus pathological brain and the recent identification of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands in glia has triggered a number of studies exploring the role of (endo)cannabinoid system in glia functionality and disease. (Endo)cannabinoi Read More
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The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer's Disease: Facts and Hypotheses
Authors: Tiziana Bisogno and Vincenzo Di MarzoUnlike other neuroinflammatory disorders, like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis, little is still known of the role of the endocannabinoid system in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is partly due to the poor availability of animal models that are really relevant to the human disease, and to the complexity of AD as compared to other neurological states. Nevertheless, the available data indicate that en Read More
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The Endocannabinoid System in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lynsey G. Bilsland and Linda GreensmithAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterised by the selective loss of motor neurons from the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex. Although the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie ALS are not yet fully understood, there is significant evidence that several neurotoxic mechanisms including excitotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress, all contribute to disease patho Read More
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The Endocannabinoid System in Huntington's Disease
Authors: M. R. Pazos, O. Sagredo and J. Fernandez-RuizThe hypokinetic profile of certain cannabinoid agonists becomes these compounds as promising medicines to attenuate the hyperkinesia that characterizes the first grades of Huntington's disease (HD) and that represents the major neurological abnormality in this disease. The fact that CB1 receptors, the receptor type involved in motor effects of cannabinoid agonists, are significantly reduced in the basal ganglia during the p Read More
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The Endocannabinoid System and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: David Baker and Gareth PryceMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterised by repeated inflammatory/demyelinating events within the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to relapsing-remitting neurological insults, leading to loss of function, patients are often left with residual, troublesome symptoms such as spasticity and pain. These greatly diminish “quality of life” and have prompted some patients to self-me Read More
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The Endocannabinoid System in Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder of largely unknown etiology caused by a pathological cascade resulting in the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) projecting to the nucleus striatum, the main input station of the basal ganglia neuronal circuit. The components of the endocannabinoid (ECB) system are highly expressed Read More
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Role of Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in Cerebral Ischemia
More LessThe human costs of stroke are very large and growing; it is the third largest cause of death in the United States and survivors are often faced with loss of ability to function independently. There is a large need for therapeutic approaches that act to protect neurons from the injury produced by ischemia and reperfusion. The goal of this review is to introduce and discuss the available data that endogenous cannabinoid signaling is Read More
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Endocannabinoids in Liver Disease and Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Iddo Magen, Yosefa Avraham, Elliot Berry and Raphael MechoulamChronic liver disease results from a variety of causes such as hepatitis virus infections, autoimmune processes and alcohol consumption. Its complications include fat deposition, hemodynamic changes and fibrosis. Clinically there may be progression to portal-hypertension and porto-systemic encephalopathy. Pioneering research from the laboratory of Kunos at NIH has stressed the importance of endocannabinoids (E Read More
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The Endocannabinoid System in Peripheral Lymphocytes as a Mirror of Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Diego Centonze, Luca Battistini and Mauro MaccarroneDuring immuno-mediated attack of the brain, activation of endocannabinoids represents a protective mechanism, aimed at reducing both neurodegenerative and inflammatory damage through various and partially converging mechanisms that involve neuronal and immune cells. Here, we review the main alterations of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) within the central nervous system and in peripheral blood mononu Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
- Issue 36
- Issue 35
- Issue 34
- Issue 33
- Issue 32
- Issue 31
- Issue 30
- Issue 29
- Issue 28
- Issue 27
- Issue 26
- Issue 25
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- Issue 15
- Issue 14
- Issue 13
- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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