Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 15, Issue 6, 2011

In 1998, the development of cyclodextrin chemistry was reviewed comprehensively by a special issue in Chemical Review. Until now, thousands of papers about cyclodextrin chemistry have been published, including many new discoveries and achievements concerning organic chemistry. Here we present a special issue “Application of Cyclodextrins in Modern Chemistry—Based on Weak Molecule-molecule and Molecule-ion Inter Read More

Cyclodextrins bearing pendant cationic or anionic moieties have been shown to form highly stable inclusion complexes with oppositely charged organic molecules. These charged hosts are also capable of molecular recognition of various organic cations and anions such as nucleotides and other phosphates, sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, enantiomers of amino acids, bile acids and many others. This review summarizes Read More

Derivatization of cyclodextrins (CDs) demands creative chemistry and sound analytical characterization. Structural characterization of solid cyclodextrins and their inclusion compounds places strong reliance on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In this review, following introductory remarks on the role of single crystal XRD and the under-utilized power of powder XRD, a survey of crystal structures of pure CD hosts and CD incl Read More

The effects of cyclodextrins on the conformation of proteins can be classified to those on the main chains as well as those on the side chains of amino acid residues of proteins. Among those effects of cyclodextrins associated with the main chain, artificial chaperon function of large sized cyclodextrins, applied for the purpose of renaturating denatured synthesized proteins which were genetically produced using Bacillus col Read More

In recent years, a variety of computational methods has been employed to investigate cyclodextrin (CD)-based systems. Among these methods, free-energy calculations occupy a prominent position, because they provide the key thermodynamic quantity that underlies the formation and the stability of CD complexes, together with the atomic-level detail often inaccessible to experiment. This review summarizes a number of fr Read More

In the past three decades, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis was widely used in the characterization of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their inclusion complexes. In this paper, representative PXRD spectra of all kinds of CD complexes reported in these years were reviewed. First of all, after comparing XRD spectra of CD hydrates, we found that some of water molecules crystallized in a crystal form played an important Read More

In recent years, nanomaterial science and supramolecular chemistry have experienced rapid development and attracted the interests of scientists from many diverse fields. Novel features have frequently served as paradigms for the study of the evolution of structural recombination between cation and anion ions by the means of molecule-ion interactions between inorganic ions and organic additives such as cyclodextrins (CD Read More

The 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin ring system is present in a large number of structures of therapeutic agents possessing important biological activities. Some of them are antihypertensive agents. Others are involved in nervous breakdown and schizophrenia or represent an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of glaucoma. The 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin core has also been developed for the synthesis of in Read More

Onopordum is an interesting genus belonging to the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae family), and the species of this genus are used as food and in the popular medicine of several countries. The present paper reviews all the metabolites present in all the species of this genus, reported up to 2009, and several chemotaxonomic consideration have been made. Furthermore, the occurrence in other genus, the spectral data, the synthe Read More

Steroids comprise several classes of structurally related molecules with multiple bioactivities. Due to their complexity, the selective modification of these polycyclic compounds is challenging. This review outlines recent developments in the use of biocatalysts for the transformation of steroids, specifically focusing on the synthetic exploitation of hydrolases. Accordingly, several regio- and stereoselective acylations and deacylatio Read More

Quantum mechanical calculation clarified how the ylides exist in solution as a mixture of the two geometrical isomers (Z- and E-) as a major or minor form. In addition, Kinetic studies were made for the reaction between triphenylphosphine, di-tert-butyl acetylenedicarboxilate in the presence of protic/nucleophilic reagent, such as 2-aminothiophenol. To determine the kinetic parameters of the reaction, it was monitor Read More