Despite the availability of numerous anti-hyperglycemic and psychoactive drugs and diverse therapeutic modalities prevention and cure of diabetes-associated mental health problems continue to be a major challenge for medical practitioners. Considerable efforts have been made in many research laboratories including ours to identify the bioactive of traditionally known medicinal or food plants to identify their bioactive that could be used for the treatment of diabetes and comorbidities in metabolic disorders. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex. Nees. has been used in Ayurvedic and other traditionally known healthcare systems of India and many other Asian countries. Due to its extremely bitter taste it is often referred to as the “king of bitters” and commonly known as “Kalmegh”. Andrographolide is one such metabolite of Andrographis paniculata used in many Asiatic countries for the treatment of diverse age and lifestyle-associated chronic diseases now used for discovering and developing anti-diabetic and other drugs. Available data on andrographolide and Andrographis paniculata strongly recommend that they could be better therapeutic choices for the prevention of diabetes and associated mental health problems than metformin and other pharmacotherapeutics currently commercialized for such purposes. However the question of whether andrographolide or extracts of the plant enriched in it could be better suited for such purposes remains open. Currently available quantitative data on their anti-hyperglycemic effects and brain function-modulating effects useful for answering this question are discussed in this report in light of our current knowledge of the role of gut microbiota in regulating glucose homeostasis and mental health. Their potential uses for discovering and developing drugs or phytotherapeutics from them are also pointed out.

Alzheimer's disease is distinguished by gradual changes in behavior because of the aggregation of β-amyloid and τ protein that blocks the signal transduction pathway. It is one of the major problems in the current scenario. It mainly occurs after the age of 60 and eventually leads to memory loss. Nonetheless medicinal plants have therapeutic potential to improve many diseases. Medicinal drugs with their phytoconstituents may offer therapeutic potential for improving the preventive treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Five synthetic drugs that have been approved by the FDA include Tacrine Rivastigmine Donepezil Galantamine and Memantine for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's. In the search for effective anti-Alzheimer's drugs from a natural source we discovered marine resources as the origin of the therapeutic and nutritional compound. The methodology involves conducting a comprehensive literature survey. The database search methodology used in this review was the use of keywords which can be found in the article pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease. The significant articles focused on marine flora phytoconstituents such as Acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors thus prompting a comprehensive review based on pertinent information. The review included descriptions of various studies revealing that numerous compounds derived from marine sources have demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Many compounds that originated from marine sources showed good efficacy in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase inhibition was the main pharmacological mechanism that was reported for most of the molecules however few articles having alternative anti Alzheimer’s mechanisms have also been reported. This article highlights marine compounds derived from marine sources like algae fungi and sponges which can combat Alzheimer's disease.