Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 16, Issue 20, 2012

The scope of this account on addition reactions in aqueous media is to demonstrate that the syntheses of useful targets or functionalizations can be accomplished through photoaddition reactions in benign environments. Ammination reactions of olefins and constrained cycloalkanes, addition products derived from quinonemethides, aromatic arylation reactions of furanones and alkenes, and radical addition reactions to α,β-un Read More

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of glucose that can form water-soluble inclusion complexes with small molecules and portions of large compounds. These biocompatible, cyclic oligosaccharides do not elicit immune responses and have low toxicities in animals and humans. Cyclodextrins are used in pharmaceutical applications for numerous purposes, including improving the bioavailability of drugs. Current c Read More

This account intends to cover recent literature on photoinduced cyclization reactions in water or aqueous media. The reactions covered do not proceed by the assistance of metals, or through electron transfer reactions mediated by metallic species or complexes. Radical cyclization of perfluoroalkyl-substituted compounds is neither the subject of this article, since these examples have been reviewed recently. Instead, p Read More

This review deal with the reactivity of 5-substituted uracil derivatives toward peroxyl radicals. These compounds should play an important role in biological systems and have considerable attention in pharmacology. Comparative evaluation of reactivity is carried out, as well as methodologies studies for the reactivity of uracil derivatives toward peroxyl radicals were also discussed. Structurereactivity relationship will be conside Read More

This account intends to cover recent literature on photoinduced substitution reactions in water or aqueous media with synthetic utility. Interesting synthetic targets, such as benzothiazine rings, benzoxazoles, aromatic photosubstitutions on 6-fluoroquinoles, can be accomplished in a benign aqueous environment, reducing the impact of organic solvents, or the use of metals for substitution reactions. Synthetically-useful electr Read More

Over the last few decades decatungstate-mediated reactions have been explored extensively and have found widespread applications in catalysis. In particular, decatungstate has been successfully used as an efficient catalyst in many oxidative chemical transformations, via free radical pathways, and to a lesser extent under anaerobic conditions in synthetically useful chemical processes. In view of its unique photocataly Read More

The open porous materials (PolyHIPEs) based on high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by copolymer particles had been prepared through adding small quantity (about 0.5 wt% relative to the external phase) of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), into the oil (external) phase. The effect of copolymer particle concentration, surfactant concentration and CTAB position in HIPEs on the mor Read More

Sodium thiomethoxide and dimethyldisulfide will be shown to be convenient sources of methyl thiyl radicals for effecting the cis-trans double bond isomerization of oleic acid to elaidic acid residues arranged in phospholipid bilayers of the microheterogeneous aqueous environment of liposomes. The methods used for methyl thiyl radical generation encompass radiolytic and photochemical methods. The convenience of these met Read More

Oral mucositis is a consequence of the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation on oral mucosa cells. It is estimated that oral mucositis is a complication in 40% of patients receiving chemotherapy, more than 90% of those irradiated for head and neck cancer. This condition is frequently associated with severe pain and inflammation and can cause malnutrition, systemic infections, and low quality of life, as we Read More

We recently showed that chitosan containing hydrogel isare capable of displaying antioxidant activity and prevents formation of oxidative DNA damage in vitro [9]. In this short communication we report our investigations towards developing two alternative novel simple flexible and effective drug delivery systems that provide optimal dosage of drugs precisely where and when needed and therefore achieve and sustain a com Read More

In the past decade, the organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition has emerged as one of the most important carbon-carbon bond forming reactions in organic chemistry. As an example, the conjugated addition of ketones to nitroolefins has received extensive attention, since the resulting nitroalkanes are versatile intermediates in which the nitro group can be transformed into various useful functional groups. Furt Read More

The review article covers the hypervalent organoantimony compounds that are with intramolecular N, O, S→Sb coordinations synthesized in the past 20 years. We describe their structures and the related coordination chemistry, highlighting a number of hypervalent stibines. These compounds have shown many applications in organic synthesis. They are useful reagents for reactions such as crosscoupling and arylati Read More

Highly dispersed copper iodide on activated carbon (CuI/C) solid catalyst has been investigated for the Paal–Knorr condensation of γ-diketones with aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic amines under solvent-free conditions; which lead to the formation of N- substituted pyrrole derivatives in excellent yields. This simple experimental procedure combined with easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst is expected to contribu Read More