Current Medical Imaging - Volume 14, Issue 2, 2018

Background: Liver Stiffness (LS) assessed by Sonoelastography (SE), has been demonstrated as reliable non-invasive indicator of liver fibrosis stage in patients with Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD). Sonoelastography performs best in ruling-out cirrhosis (F=4) and ruling-in signifficant fibrosis (F≥2). However, it is insufficiently accurate to replace endoscopy for detection of Esophageal Varices (EV), being able to only ruling-out large E Read More

Background: As a non-invasive MR technique, Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can provide functional information by measuring Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value. It is sensitive to the small changes of water molecules diffusion in the MR scanning and the ADC value reflexes the water molecules diffusion in the local tissue. Discussion: In recent years, DWI is widely used in the diagnosis and Read More

Background: Skeletal muscle morphology plays an essential role in determining function. Ultrasonography has been widely adopted to evaluate the morphological parameters of different muscles in both static and dynamic circumstances. In recent years, numerous algorithms, especially automated algorithms, have been developed to extract morphological parameters from musculoskeletal ultrasound images. It is now po Read More

Background: RGD peptides are small peptides containing arginine-glycine-aspartic (Arg- Gly-Asp) acid triple-peptide motif and can specifically bind to integrin receptor on the cell surface. Discussion: The integrin receptors, especially alpha(v) beta(3), are highly expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells and tumor cells while displaying low expression on mature endothelial cells. Molecular imaging can achieve th Read More

Background: Neonatal and paediatric encephalopathy can be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Potential aetiologies include hypoxic brain injury, stroke, infection, trauma, metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities, autoimmune conditions and drug ingestion. Radiology plays a key role in determining aetiology and, even when normal, directing further assessment. Conclusion: We present a review of the neuroradiological Read More

Background: Craniocervical Dissections (CCD) are a crucial emergency state causing 20% of strokes in patients under the age of 45. Although DSA (digital substraction angiography) is regarded as the gold standard, noninvasive methods of CT, CTA and MRI, MRA are widely used for diagnosis. Aim: Our aim is to illustrate noninvasive imaging findings in CCD. Conclusion: Emphasizing on diagnostic pitfalls, limitations and mimicking diseases.

Background: Major reason of mortality all around the world is cardiac disorders. Eminent progress of medical physics for imaging and exceptional benefits of MRI makes it a frequently used tool for examination and diagnosis of suspected cardiac abnormalities. Discussion: This article discusses characteristics of cardiac MR short axis images. Secondly, this study explains existing semi-automatic and automatic techniques for seg Read More

Background: Renal segmentation is a challenging procedure, and the difficulty of segmentation varies from one imaging modality to another. Various imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, US, etc. are currently utilized to evaluate and analyze kidney pathologies such as kidney cancer, and other related disorders. Techniques: Among all available imaging techniques, CT is usually preferred by radiologists because it provides Read More

Background: Cataract is a disease that occurs when alterations in the eye lens result in blurred vision. These alterations are caused due to protein accumulation in the lens of an eye. It can lead to the decrease in vision and some loss of eyesight. Methods: The detection of cataract is normally done using slit-lamp exam, retinal examination, refraction and visual acuity test. However, it is possible to detect cataract with image pr Read More

Background: Alzheimer Disease (AD) represents a major threat to the lives of human beings. In fact, the disease should be detected at an early stage to maximize the chances of survival. Matarial and Methods: Hence, the use of computer means making the diagnostic procedure automatic called: Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (CAD). This procedure is used to assist radiologists in the analysis of the disease; the number of the Read More

Background: Medical imaging plays a key role in detecting and diagnosing abnormal patterns from scanned images. The computer aided automatic detection of the brain tumor was proposed in this work using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier. Methods: The proposed system has the following stages as noise reduction, Gabor transform, feature extraction and ANFIS classifier. The impulse noises in the b Read More

Background: Automated delineation of exact boundaries of nodules in Thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) images is one of the difficult tasks owing to the weak edges and fuzzy boundaries of nodules. Generally, the juxta-pleura nodules get missed due to an inaccurate extraction of lung field region. Methods: In this work, an attempt has been made to address such issues by developing an Intuitionistic Fuzzy domain Regio Read More

Background: Most pattern recognition and data mining problems such as classification, clustering and retrieval rely on distance metric or similarity measure. The metrics used in such problems should be capable of reflecting the relationship among the data efficiently. Different features contribute differently to the discrimination of different classes of images. This is especially true in medical image classification where it is Read More

Background: Ultrasound imaging is widely used for tumor detection and diagnosis. Feature extraction plays a critical role in the ultrasound-based computer-aided diagnosis system. Deep Polynomial Network (DPN) is a newly proposed deep learning algorithm, which also has the potential to learn for excellent representation from small dataset. Discussion: However, the final feature representation of DPN is the simple concat Read More

Background: The role of Technetium-99 m (Tc-99m) labeled tracers has been discussed for the detection of viable myocardium. One of the methods that is considered to be used in the diagnosis of viability is gated Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (gMPI) conducted under the influence of Beta Blocker Drugs (BBD). Objective: The aim of this study is twofold: First, to evaluate the role of the Beta Blocker Drugs (BBD) on fixed Read More

Background: The metabolism of [18F]-FDG, an analogue of glucose molecule, is often evaluated by kinetic analysis. Methods: In this study, we compare the performance of the Iterative Two-stage (ITS) algorithm against the standard Weighted Nonlinear Least Squares (WNLS) and the Patlak analysis for PET imaging quantification in control and diseased rats. A full kinetic modelling and graphical analyses were performed on [ Read More

Objective: To compare the accuracy of linear bone measurements on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images obtained using different tube currents. Methods: Twelve reference points were prepared by using burs and heated gutta-percha on each of the ten dry mandibles for horizontal and vertical measurements on anterior and posterior segments. Images were obtained with Kodak 9000 3D cbct system at 5 Read More

Background: Non-rigid registration of medical images with intensity distortions is a difficult problem due to the change in pixel intensity. It is caused by contrast agent or intensity bias field. Methods: In some cases, this problem can be solved using Residual Complexity (RC) method. However, relative modification of parameter in residual complexity would result in completely different experimental effect. Another drawback is s Read More