Current Medical Imaging - Volume 14, Issue 3, 2018

Background: Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies are easily misinterpreted or overlooked in daily neuroimaging practices. Aims: This review aims to summarize the imaging features of a number of acquired metabolic and toxic encephalopathies. Discussion: These conditions are not diagnosed easily. Imaging is very important in terms of diagnosis, assessment of treatment response and prediction of prognosis. Therefore, it is i Read More

The radiation exposure to cardiac tissues often result in severe form of cardiac injuries whose underlying mechanisms are not well understood till date. The most obvious choice to determine the extent of radiation-induced damages in cardiac tissues is via imaging. We searched the electronic database PubMed for pre-clinical as well as clinical reports pertaining to the importance of imaging modalities during radiation induced c Read More

Background: Clitoris is an organ, whose only known function is sexual pleasure. Clinically, clitoris is only partially visible. Therefore medical imaging is important for studying it. Objective: Knowledge of radiologic anatomy and variations of the clitoris is useful for studying female sexual function, understanding it's pathological conditions and planning clitoral surgical interventions. Discussion: Anatomy of clitoris is complex with an Read More

Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in both men and women. With the development of Computed Tomography (CT) scans technology, the detection rate of early stage lung cancer has significantly raised. The pulmonary CAD system has been a phenomenal and revolutionary step, in the early and premature detection of lung abnormalities. Discussion: In recent years Computer-Aided Detection (C Read More

Background: We propose a novel global region based method for segmentation of biomedical images with a fast level set model using Kernel Fuzzy Particles Swarm Optimization (KFPSO) clustering. In the field of medical study, segmentation of biomedical images is one of the most important approaches for the diagnosis of a patient. Segmentation of these images is still a tedious task and cumbersome due to weak contrast an Read More

Background: In spite of the fact that advanced neuroimaging applications are used for the evaluation of Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) patients, a few studies analyzed relationship between the measurements of DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) and neurological findings. Objectives: Evaluate DTI properties of cortical tubers and white matter lesions in TS, and analyze whether there was a correlation between DTI findings and neur Read More

Background: In this paper, the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) together with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) were utilized for accurate prediction of epileptic seizure patterns. Tests using popular intracranial Electroencephalograph (iEEG) recordings involving 18 seizure patients of different sex, age and seizure's type indicated that the algorithm performs reasonably well by three major iEEG rhythms. Methods: Three different sei Read More

Objective: To study the difference of the Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters among the primary tumor, metastatic node and peripheral normal tissue of head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: Consecutive newly-diagnosed head and neck cancer patients with nodal metastasis between December 2010 and July 2013 were recruited, and 25 patients (8 females; 24~63, Read More

Backgroud: Lung cancer is the most common cancer in terms of both incidence and mortality. Where medical science is playing its role to overcome this deadly disease, new advancements's and research areis also going on in computer science especially in the domain of image processing to support doctors and radiologists to tackle it. Developments are going on in image processing and CAD evaluation for appli Read More

Background: No previous studies have reported the direct comparison between Ultrasonography (US) and Computed Tomography (CT) features of Calcified Thyroid Nodules (CTNs). Objective: This study aimed to compare the patterns and types of CTNs examined by preoperative neck US and CT. Methods: From January to June 2011, 224 patients who underwent neck US and CT before thyroid surgery were included. Out of the Read More

Background: Thyroid cancer is a commonly occurred cancer in all men and women around the world. This cancer can be cured if it is timely detected by proper treatment. This paper proposes a computer aided detection and screening of thyroid cancer using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference (ANFIS) classifier. Methods: The proposed methodology has the following stages such as preprocessing, feature extraction and Read More

Background: This research presents a novel automatic approach to initialization of contour curve problem for the level set segmentation method inside liver discontinuity regions in CT 2D images. This approach allows different types of level set methods to achieve accurate results in segmenting liver regions. Methods: The proposed approach includes three steps. First, a pixel-level texture feature extraction of an abdo Read More

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women around the world. It can be cured if the severity level of the cancer is in the category of mild and moderate. The surgery is required for severe case and earlier death can be prevented if timely treatment is stipulated. Methods: In this paper, a computer aided fully automatic methodology for cervical cancer detection using cervigram is proposed. The m Read More

Background: Highly advanced and sophisticated imaging modality, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) images are referred to examine the cardiac morphology and its function. Methods: In this work, the main aim is to develop a hybrid segmentation method for automatic segmentation of both left, right ventricles from short axis CMR images. In the proposed hybrid segmentation method, Fast Adaptive K-Means (FAKM) clustering Read More

Objective: Numerical simulations and experiments were performed to compare eight pure mathematical models for fitting the contrast agent concentration curves (C(t)) obtained from dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data. Methods: For simulations, randomly generated pharmacokinetic parameters (Ktrans and ve) were used to calculate the C(t) using the standard Tofts model of DCE-MRI. For experiment Read More

Background: Medical ultrasonic images are usually degraded by a special kind of noise called ‘speckle’. The speckle noises usually have an effect more on edges and fine details of an ultrasound images which lead to reduction in their contrast resolution consequently create difficulties in the diagnosis of illnesses. Methods: In this paper, to reduce the speckle noise of medical ultrasound image, we have proposes a denoising a Read More

Background: Schwannomas develop from schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheaths. Schwannomas are slow-growing lesions. The majority of schwannomas are benign. They are often seen in the head and neck region but they can be encountered in any tissue containing peripheral nerves. Pelvic localication of schwannomas is rare. Results: In this case report we present a case of pelvic schwannoma. A 22-year-old fe Read More