Current Medical Imaging - Volume 14, Issue 6, 2018

Background: The area of image processing extends from basic image compression model to high end applications such as astronomical data processing and medical image processing. Images have vast features and coding them into lower bit rates results in the loss of information. Methods: This study proposes a novel hybrid approach to compress the image no loss of information and to maintain reduced processin Read More

Background: Robust and accurate segmentation of the spine subdivided into individual vertebrae is necessary for subsequent diagnosis of illnesses related to the spine, particularly those requiring detection and classification of bone lesions. Based on correct vertebra segmentation, the current status of a disease under treatment - as well as its progress - can be determined and followed. Discussion: The problem is complicated b Read More

Background: Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI) images degradation is still a challenging task. The noise is a compulsory destructive factor that gets added in MRI images due to several environmental and mechanical reasons. In this paper, an effort is made and a Genetic Programming (GP) based hybrid noise removal approach is proposed which reduces the effect of Rician noise of MRI images. Methods: The proposed appro Read More

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most prevailing cancer among men worldwide. In the most cases, prostate cancer is slowly progressing, whereas, in some cases, it is a rapidly progressing disease leading to the significantly high mortality rate. Thus, there is still demand for prostate-specific imaging in order to provide image-guided early diagnosis and for the provision of patient-specific therapy. Discussion: Besides di Read More

Introduction: Metabolome reflects the sum of all life processes in the cell-tissue-organ, belonging to all the systems that constitute the individual and it refers to metabolites included in a cell, tissue or organism. Since metabolites are various, in terms of chemical species and concentrations, it is necessary to conduct metabolite analysis with a variety of different analytical techniques. Imaging is the main part of these modern di Read More

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between smoking and types of coronary atherosclerotic plaques using Double-Source Computed Tomography (DSCT) angiography. Methods: Patients who underwent DSCT Coronary Angiography (DSCTCA) at our hospital between April 2012 and April 2013 were enrolled and divided into a smoking group and a nonsmoking group according to their response to a questionnaire of smoking. Pati Read More

Background: As world population gets older, more cases of collapse fracture, disc herniation, vertebral osteomyelitis and chord compression and surgeries on spine are noted. One of the complications is pain and in differential diagnosis are infectious and non-infectious processes. The method of choice for the diagnosis of infection in spinal column is MRI, however it is inapplicable in many cases. In addition, other imaging modal Read More

Background: MRI which stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging is commonly used to capture images of internal body organs, functionality and structure. Manual analysis is usually performed by Radiologists on a large set of MR images in order to detect brain tumor. Aims: This research aims to improve automated brain MR image classification and tumor segmentation using phase congruency. Methods: The skull part is remov Read More

Background: These days, many attempts have been done to specify the size and location of aneurysms, leading to more successful surgical operation and less bleeding risk. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to extract brain aneurysms from two dimensional x-ray angiography videos, automatically. Methods: The most acute challenges in detecting brain aneurysm are the complexity of vessel structures and sha Read More

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the diffusional changes in the vitreous humor in multiple sclerosis and Beh's disease. Materials and Methods: Apparent diffusion coefficient values were investigated in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans of a total 111 vitreous, 31 of which were Beh's disease patients, 40 had multiple sclerosis and 40 were healthy volunteers. Then, multiple sclerosis and Beh's disease group Read More

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of CD3 and CD20 in the microenvironment of rabbit peripheral lung cancer before and after microwave ablation (MA). Methods: Twenty-four rabbits with lung VX2 tumor were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group). Ultrasound-guided MA was gone using 40 W powers as the treatment mode for about 60s. The animals were sacrificed by injecti Read More

Background: Cancer that develops in any of the parts of the breast is known as breast cancer. To reduce the breast cancer fatality, Computer Aided Diagnosis can assist physicians for accurate diagnosis. Objective: To improve the performance of breast cancer diagnosis using fusion of local binary and ternary patterns from ultrasound B mode and elastography images. Methods: In this work, the fusion of texture features of Read More

Background: Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) with screening mammography could help radiologists and doctors in reliable and accurate identification of breast cancer at the preliminary stage. Objective: To propose an early diagnosis technique using fusion of texture features extracted from both Medio Lateral Oblique (MLO) and Cranio Caudal (CC) view mammograms. Methods: The proposed two-view CADx s Read More

Background: Image compression is an area of research that has many applications spanning different technological fields; among the most important of these fields is that of mammography images compression. With whole mammography images becoming increasingly practical and cost-effective, the need for a superior space-saving algorithm is obvious. Also, it becomes important that reconstructed image achieves Read More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the value of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: A total of 65 patients with suspected breast cancer were enrolled. All patients underwent 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography. The diagnostic efficiencies of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography were co Read More

Background: The male-based infertility test known as a spermiogram involves a manual count using a Makler counting chamber. There is a need to develop an automated sperm-counting system to provide more precise diagnoses. To that end, the automatic detection of Regions of Interest (ROI) in Makler images constitutes the first phase to using the advantages of the Makler chamber in a computerized counting system. Method Read More

Background: In Magnetic Resonance (MR) image reconstruction, Higher Degree Total Variation (HDTV) using high-order directional derivatives outperforms total variation-based method in preserving edge information and suppressing unfavourable staircase artifacts. Traditional HDTV regularization, however, takes the form of L1-based, which is not the most straightforward way to maximize sparsity prior. Previous wor Read More

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of percutaneous puncture biopsy guided by fused and 3D-reconstructed Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) images in diagnosing deep lesions. Methods: According to the CT morphological information obtained from 47 patients who need to undertake percutaneous needle biopsy after PET/CT examination, two associate chief physicians Read More

Background: Nasopharyngeal adenoid hypertrophy (NAH) is a frequent incidental finding on head and neck imaging in children. Objective: The study aimed to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and prevalence of NAH after Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) in children with hemato-oncological diseases. Methods: Between February 2013 and January 2018, BMT was performed in 202 pediatric patients. Fo Read More

Introduction: In this report, we present a case of an 11-year-old female that was diagnosed with acute abdomen secondary to E. vermicularis infestation in appendix vermiformis. Preoperative ultrasonography demonstrated parasitic blockage of the appendix without signs of appendicitis. Although pyrantel pamoate was given, acute abdominal signs did not disappear and the patient subsequently underwent surgery. Discus Read More