Current Medical Imaging - Volume 14, Issue 4, 2018

Background: This paper reviews the recent techniques employed to process brain tumor images from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Automation in tumor and its sub-compartment segmentation from MR images is rising and necessary in rapid diagnosis and planning of human brain treatment. Discussion: The success of fine tumor segmentation depends on an entire pipeline of the processes such as preprocess Read More

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global pandemic, and its eradication requires efficient screening methods, diagnostic tests, and effective drugs. Artificial intelligencebased Computer-aided Diagnostic (CADx) systems are purported to play a significant role in the mass screening of TB. Discussion: The research on the development of CADx systems started four decades ago, and a large number of CADx systems h Read More

Background: The paper proposes a new method for improving the quality of ultrasound medical images using a two stage wavelet based denoising approach. The first stage utilizes an adaptive wavelet shrinkage function with a novel interscale measure based variance estimate and a new subband adaptive threshold for reducing the speckle present in ultrasound images. Methods: The performance of the first stage is furth Read More

Objective: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with F-18-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) emerged as a prognostic tool to predict treatment outcome in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Moreover, a FDG-PET adapted strategy is currently assessed in clinical trial to minimize the toxic effect while maintaining the efficacy of treatment in HL. Purpose was to analyze the quantitative parameters to support the prognostic role of FDG-PET today ba Read More

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the etiology of patients presenting with double vision due to sixth cranial nerve palsy, and evaluate the relationships between the sixth cranial nerve and vascular structures, with Constructive Interference in a Steady-State (CISS) sequence. Materials and Methods: For this study, we evaluated the brain and orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of 26 patients retrospectively, who w Read More

Background: Segmentation of nuclear cardiac images is used as an influential tool in the characterization of heart ailments. Methods: The processing techniques confirmed in this study were contrast enhancement, noise removal, skeletonization and segmentation. The images were preserved by means of TIFF to maintain their quality. Then, diverse segmentation techniques were used to segment the heart tissues. R Read More

Objective: The drive of this research activity is to report a colorization method to enhance the visualization, cell characterization and interpretation of brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) images, indicative of the underlying physical density of bio tissues. Background: In daily health care environments, medical scanners are being used to generate gray scale images of anatomical structures. Method: Severity of diseases is Read More

Background: This paper proposes an improved Tetrolet algorithm of image denoising. Tetrolets, as the newest members of the post wavelets, represent the most concentrated image energy and provide the best sparseness. However, Tetrolet denoising is usually accompanied with occurrence of adverse blocking artifacts. Methods: To resolve this problem, this paper introduces a recursive translation method, which Read More

Purpose: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) has many descriptors whose combined evaluation leads to the differentiation of benignancy and malignancy of breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination. Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was waived for this retrospective analysis. Five radiologists evaluated BI-RADS descriptors of 109 bre Read More

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the subtrochanteric femoral cortical thickness and the medullary canal diameter according to age and gender. Materials and Methods: In total, 840 radiographs of 420 hips of patients aged between 10 and 80 (210 males and 210 females) were included in this study. The two groups (males and females) were divided into three subgroups according to age, forming six groups Read More

Purpose: to assess the reproducibility of the volumetric assessment of the inner ear using three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the high resolution MR-Imaging (HR-MRI) sequences. Materials and Methods: The study was retrospectively performed on 50 patients referred for MRI due to different disorders of the inner ear. HR-MRI was performed using a T2-weighted SPACE sequence. 3D-reconstructions were performed u Read More

Background: More data needed about the variations of the skull base and relationships between the structures which form the skull base and paranasal sinuses to minimize the complications during endoscopic sinus surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between Cribriform Plate (CP) dimensions, frontal sinus ostium sizes and frontal sinus volumes. Materials and Methods: We measured the depth a Read More

Background: Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI) has been used to differentiate the solitary metastases from high-grade glioma. However, the CBV value obtained from classical algorithm can be affected by a number of factors. Tissue Similarity Map (TSM) is a new algorithm depending solely on the signal intensity time course but does not require the use of Concentration Time Curve (CTC), which is different from the classical rCB Read More

Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess residual neck nodes after Chemo- Radiotherapy (CRT) using diffusion and T2 weighted imaging. Methods: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and T2 signal intensity were retrospectively analyzed in 45 residual nodes 8 weeks after the end of CRT. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values (PPV, NPV) and accuracy of diffusion and T2 weighted sequences wer Read More

Background: To simulate the anisotropic solid texture in 3D space, a kind of solid texture synthesis algorithm based on the samples that extends the 2D texture patch pasting technology to 3D hepatic artery solids is proposed. Methods: Firstly, the surface model is tetrahedral with Delaunay tetrahedral method. Secondly, the color attribute is used to generate the depth field and the depth field gradient direction is the first ve Read More

Objective: The Vestibulocerebellar Tract (VCT) connects the vestibular nuclear complex mainly with the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum. Many animal studies have revealed the anatomy of the VCT, but very little is known about the VCT in the human brain. In this study, we attempted to identify the VCT in the normal human brain using diffusion tensor tractography. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited for t Read More

Background: PET imaging involves several parameters. However, it is not well known which parameters in each measurable site of tumors may have a greater effect on oncologic outcomes. Method: This study included a total of 42 patients diagnosed with histology-proven NSCLC. Baseline and consecutive FDG-PET scans were carried out 3 weeks before and at least 3 months after treatment, respectively. Results: According Read More

Background: Endoscopic methods are well accepted as important treatments to clear the bile duct in patients with choledocholithiasis. However, little is known about bile dynamics after endoscopic treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the hepatic clearance and gallbladder function using fatty meal Cholescintigraphy (CS) in patients after endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis. Methods: Fatty meal CS Read More

Objective: The aims of this study were to: a) evaluate tumor response rates using modified- Response-evaluation-criteria-in-solid-tumors (mRecist) criteria, b) evaluate safety of Degradable Starch Microspheres Trans-arterial-chemo-embolization (DSMs-TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular- carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 24 HCC cirrhotic patients (21/3 M/F, mean age 66.3 years Read More