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- Volume 19, Issue 2, 2024
Current Drug Therapy - Volume 19, Issue 2, 2024
Volume 19, Issue 2, 2024
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A Progressive Stratagem Outline on Diverse Dermatological Clays
Authors: Rashmi Pal, Yogendra Pal, Merugumolu V. Kumar, Deepti Katiyar and Saranya PunniyakottiFor a very long time, clay has been widely utilized in cosmetics, and it is still one of the most widely used components today. There is clay for every skincare issue and problem, including dryness, irritation, sunburn, and oiliness. Finding the appropriate clay for the skin's type, texture, and needs is the primary consideration. The current effort attempts to compile knowledge on the many dermatological types of clay that are naturally present, their composition, and various views regarding the care, skin nourishment, and benefits needed to suit the various needs of various skin types. The present work aims to gather the information available on the different types of dermatological clays present naturally, their composition, and different perspectives regarding the care and skin nourishment, and their benefits required to suit different needs of different skin types.
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Intranasal Drug Delivery of Antiviral Agents - A Revisit and Way Forward
Authors: Jino Affrald R and Shoba NarayanEven to this date, oral drug delivery in the form of tablets, capsules, and syrups is considered as the most accepted one. However, oral delivery as a methodology requires that the active molecules and their formulations are water-soluble. Nasal drug delivery is characterized by ease of permeability through the epithelial mucosa, low enzyme activity, and a wide range of immunocompetent cells. For the transfer of drugs and active molecules through the nasal route, it is often essential to resort to nanodelivery methods, such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoemulsions, and so on. The use of nanodelivery vehicles has become more important in the modern context of viral infections, including those of the respiratory tract. Nanoformulations are developed in the form of nasal gels, sprays, drops, rinses, etc. Nanoformulations of antigens, vaccine and immune adjuvants, and antivirals are now gaining importance. There are promising reports on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, polymers, and so on that have the potential to detect and inhibit viruses by themselves. This review looks into the nasal nanoformulations in detail and provides an insight into how their efficacy can be improved. To overcome known drawbacks, such as degradation and active mucociliary clearance by antigenpresenting cells at the site of administration, polymers, such as PEG, are incorporated in the nanoformulation. Polymeric systems also provide better tunability of physicochemical properties. The mechanism of nasal spray-based drug delivery systems is also discussed in this paper. The review, thus, provides a detailed insight into the way forward for the development of nasal formulations.
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A Complete Sojorum on Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Recent Developments and Ongoing Research
Authors: Tanmay S. Markandeywar, Dilpreet Singh and Raj Kumar NarangThe nature of the wound typically dictates the available wound-healing therapies. On the other hand, inadequate care results in persistent wounds, fibrosis, tissue loss of function, and ultimately dismemberment. Suturing, unloading, irrigation, debridement, negative pressure therapies, growth factor supplementation, and grafting are examples of current medicines that all have limitations in terms of meeting the needs of full treatment. Natural or synthetic materials/polymers have been utilized to prepare smart thermosensitive hydrogels to facilitate quick and targeted action on wounds. These are intelligent hydrogel system that shows sol-gel transitions at physiological body temperature. Hydrogel provides a moist environment, scaffold-like structure, and localized delivery of drug/growth factor that speed up wound healing even if it eliminates side effects associated with systemic administration. In this article, we summarized the detailed mechanisms of wound healing, conventional strategies, and ongoing thorough research work in the field of thermosensitive hydrogels utilized for wound healing. Moreover, the clinical needs of this formulation, as evident from the commercially available systems are also described in the prior art.
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Therapeutic Repurposing of Antidiabetic Drugs in Diabetes-associated Comorbidities
Background: Diabetic patients suffer from various comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, obesity, cognitive impairment, gout, leishmaniasis, etc. Objective: We aimed to review the pathological links between diabetes and its comorbidities and discuss the justification for using antidiabetic drugs in diabetes and associated comorbidities. Methods: Diabetic patients accompanied by comorbidities had to undergo a multidrug regimen apart from their common antidiabetic drugs, which affects their quality of life. There have been reports that some antidiabetic drugs ameliorate the comorbidities associated with diabetes. For instance, metformin is implicated in CVDs, cancer, as well as in cognitive impairment like Alzheimer's disease (AD); glyburide, a sulfonylurea, is found to be effective against leishmaniasis; and voglibose, an α- glucosidase inhibitor, is found to have suitable binding property against SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetic patients. Targeting the comorbidities of diabetes with antidiabetic drugs may reduce the load of multidrug therapy in diabetic patients. Results: The effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs against some diabetic comorbidities between the two pathophysiological conditions, i.e., diabetes and its comorbidities, may be due to certain bidirectional links like inflammation, oxidative stress, disruption in the metabolic milieu and obesity. There are published reports of the repurposing of antidiabetic drugs for specific diseases, however, compiled repurposed reports of antidiabetic drugs for a wide range of diseases are scarce. Conclusion: In this review, we attempt to justify the use of antidiabetic drugs in diabetes and associated comorbidities.
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New Insights into Microglia as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik and Heena B. ChoudharyAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, accounting for 60–70% of dementia cases globally. Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by microglia is a common characteristic of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease and AD. Research has recently examined the relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and CNS microglia. Microglial cells comprise 10–15% of all CNS cells and are brain-resident myeloid cells mediating critical processes to support the CNS. Microglia have a variety of receptors that operate as molecular sensors, detecting exogenous and endogenous CNS injuries and triggering an immune response. Microglia serve as brain guardians by boosting phagocytic clearance and providing trophic support to enable tissue repair and maintain cerebral homeostasis, in addition to their traditional immune cell activity. At rest, microglia manage CNS homeostasis by phagocytic action, which removes pathogens and cell debris. Microglia cells that have been "resting" convert into active cells that create inflammatory mediators, protecting neurons and protecting against invading pathogens. Neuronal damage and neurodegenerative disorders are caused by excessive inflammation. Different microglial cells reply at different phases of the disease can lead to new therapy options and reduced inflammatory activity. This review focuses on the potential function of microglia, microglia subtypes, and M1/M2 phenotypic changes associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Microglial membrane receptors, the involvement of microglia in neuroinflammation, microglial targets in AD and the double role of microglia in AD pathogenesis are also discussed in this review.
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Protective Effects of Propolis on Behavioral and Stress Oxidative Changes in Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Model
Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a continuing demyelination inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated the effect of propolis on locomotor coordination and stress oxidative modifications in the demyelination model induced by cuprizone because of its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: Mice were nourished with powdered chow, including 0.4% w/w cuprizone for one week and then 0.2% w/w cuprizone for four weeks, for MS induction. Mice were given propolis at various doses (100,150, and 200 mg/kg of body weight) during the last 4-weeks of treatment with cuprizone. Results: Based on our results, the number of falls decreased significantly in 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone groups (p < 0.001) but, no significant difference was reported between the 100 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone group and the cuprizone group. The malondialdehyde level decreased significantly in 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), although there was no significant difference in the 100 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone compared to cuprizone group. Glutathione levels increased significantly in 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively) compared to the cuprizone group. There was no noteworthy difference in glutathione level at the 100 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone concentration as compared to the cuprizone group. Conclusion: Propolis has the potential to be used as an adjunctive drug in multiple sclerosis treatment.
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Characterization and Extraction of Bioactive Compounds in Ethanolic Extract of Moringa concanensis, Nimmo Leaf, Using Microwave-assisted and Soxhlet Techniques
Background: The extraction of Moringa concanensis (Nimmo leaf) was done in ethanol using Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques to obtain bioactive compounds. Methods: The standard techniques were used to carry out phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract. The analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, and saponins, and also the absence of anthraquinones. Moreover, the extract was evaluated for antioxidant activities using DPPH and ABTS assays. The IC50 value of the extract was also determined. Results: A clear correlation between the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was obtained. Conclusion: This study suggests that a high amount of phenolic compounds could be obtained from Moringa concanensis (Nimmo leaf) by using the microwave-assisted extraction technique, which may be responsible for its antioxidant activity.
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Accelerating Healing of Excisional Wound with a Hydrogel Containing Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos lablab) Extract in a Rat Model
Authors: Neelam Singh, Puneet Gupta, Radha Goel, Chaitanya V. Narayan, Deepak Sagar and Aanchal GuptaIntroduction: Medicinal plants are essential in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. Dolichos lablab, also known as Hyacinth Bean, is a popular legume crop in India that is rich in natural bioactive compounds. In recognition of its importance in many skin therapies, a hydrogel was prepared. The primary goal of topical formulations is to provide drug contact with the skin while reducing overall absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of Dolichos lablab extract hydrogel on full-thickness wounds in rats. Method: Wounds were created on the dorsal surface of Male Albino Wistar rats. Next, the animals were divided into four groups (n = 12). Each group was treated with 200 mg of the allotted topical treatment of blank gel, Dolichos hydrogel and marketed betadine gel. The treatments were applied immediately after the injury and twice daily for up to 14 days. Animals were euthanized on day 14 and some parameters were analyzed such as wound closure rate, Inflammatory cytokines level, oxidative stress profile, collagen hydroxyproline and hexosamine concentration, macroscopic and histopathological evidence. Results: The findings indicate that Dolichos lablab extract has potent wound healing ability, as evidenced by improved wound closure and tissue regeneration, as well as histopathological parameters. Dolichos hydrogel increased the skin's hydroxyproline level, antioxidant potential, wound contraction, and anti-inflammatory activity by modulating the production of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. This affirms the potency of the wound-healing properties of Dolichos lablab extract. Conclusion: Dolichos lablab hydrogel is a low-cost herbal medicine which can aid in tissue repair.
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Quality by Design Enabled Formulation Optimization of Rabeprazole Sodium Mucoadhesive Microcapsules for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Jayanti Panda, Suryakanta Swain and Muddana Eswara Bhanoji RaoAims: The present research describes the implementation of quality by-design principles for developing the mucoadhesive microcapsules of rabeprazole sodium for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease conditions. Background: In addition, a holistic QbD-based product development strategy was implemented, where the target product profile was defined based on desired product quality of mucoadhesive microcapsules. Based on TPP, the critical quality attributes were identified. The identification of CMAs was carried out with the help of risk assessment and factor screening exercises, which indicated drugpolymer ratio (X1), temperature (X2), and stirring speed (X3) as the influential factors. Methods: The mucoadhesive microcapsules of rabeprazole sodium were prepared by a solvent evaporation method, and 33 Box-Behnken optimization design was used for the optimization of the selected factors, and mucoadhesive microcapsules formulations were evaluated for particle size (μm), drug entrapment efficiency (%), mucoadhesion (%), and in vitro drug release (Q18h) in percentage characteristics. Mathematical data analysis was performed to fit the two-factor interaction model, and optimized mucoadhesive microcapsules formulation was selected. Results: The optimized mucoadhesive microcapsules indicated desired formulation characteristics with smaller particle size, good entrapment efficiency, better mucoadhesion, and sustained drug release characteristics. Conclusion: In a nutshell, the studies vouch for the successful development of mucoadhesive microcapsules for oral delivery of rabeprazole sodium which could be used to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease condition.
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Antifertile and Estrogenic Effects of Sida acuta Root on Experimental Animal Models
Background: Herbal medications have been used for centuries in traditional Indian medicine to reduce fertility in several regions. Among them, Sida acuta (S. acuta) is a traditional herb having antifertility effects with other broad medicinal properties. In this work, it was studied for its effect on fertility in female rats. Objective: The purpose of this research was to conduct effectiveness and safety investigations on S. acuta root, an antifertility plant widely used in Asian countries. Methods: Fertile albino Wistar female rats (200-250 gm) were used for antifertility investigations. The animals were separated into four groups, each with six members, and treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of the methanolic extract in combination with Ethinyl Estradiol (0.3 mg/kg body weight) as per schedule. They all took place for seven days. On the 8th day, every positive rat was decapitated under ether anesthesia, and the uterus and surrounding tissues were taken from it for fast weight measurement. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids as secondary metabolites. RP-HPLC analysis was used to determine the concentration of colchicine in S. acuta roots extract, and it was found to have a retention period of 7.35 minutes. The female Wistar rats treated with S. acuta root study showed that the litter weight of the experimental group with MESA (200) was 42.13 ± 0.77 and MESA (400) was 18.53 ± 0.94 lower than the control group 61.5 ± 0.29 which reveals that there was a decrease in litter weight, indicating the potential antifertility activity of the experimental group. It was shown that the extract was more effective in reducing the number of litters born (50 percent) and causing considerable anti-implantation activity (3.29) than the control in postcoital testing. The uterotrophic response was less pronounced than that elicited by ethinylestradiol alone when the extract was administered simultaneously (p<0.01). The estrogenic activity of the extract was, therefore, low at the contraceptive dosage level when taken alone. Both ethinylestradiol and these compounds, on the other hand, showed considerable antiestrogenic properties. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of S. acuta root showed significant antifertility effects and was found to be safe when used at the effective dosages found in this research.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 19 (2024)
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Volume 18 (2023)
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Volume 17 (2022)
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Volume 16 (2021)
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Volume 15 (2020)
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Volume 14 (2019)
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Volume 13 (2018)
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Volume 12 (2017)
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Volume 11 (2016)
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Volume 10 (2015)
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Volume 9 (2014)
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Volume 8 (2013)
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Volume 7 (2012)
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Volume 6 (2011)
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Volume 5 (2010)
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Volume 4 (2009)
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Volume 3 (2008)
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Volume 2 (2007)
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Volume 1 (2006)