Current Probiotics - Current Issue

Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with a dose-limiting side effect known as radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM), which severely diminishes the quality of life for patients. The best part is that this adverse effect has identified risk factors, enabling the implementation of preventative medication to delay/mitigate the ill effects, colonization of opportunistic microbes, and infection. Clinically, several effective strategies have been developed to prevent severe RIOM. However, there are limited options for solutions that are both advantageous and practical while also being cost-effective to implement. Results from well-designed and carried-out research have indicated that probiotics have potential benefits in both the management and prevention of RIOM. Research using animal models and clinical studies has affirmatively shown that the utilization of probiotic organisms can successfully modify the intensity of inflammation by modifying the composition, metabolism, and functional characteristics of natural microbiota. Furthermore, the majority (3 of 4) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies revealed that probiotics were beneficial in decreasing RIOM. This article collates and examines the scientific observations, addresses the underlying mechanisms, and explores the potential benefits of probiotics in mitigating the occurrence and severity of RIOM.

Probiotics are advantageous bacteria that provide numerous health benefits to individuals when ingested and help to keep the gut microbiota balance. These beneficial bacteria can be found in food, supplements, and medicines. Foods that contain probiotics include yogurt, tempeh, and miso, while bacteria of lactic acid and bifido are the predominant microbial strains commonly employed in various applications. Due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects, probiotics are widely accepted globally. Maintaining a balanced gut microbiome is crucial for overall health, and any disturbance in the gut's microbiota can trigger inflammatory immune responses and initiate various diseases such as cancer. Cancer is a grave and frequently fatal illness that impacts a significant number of individuals. It arises due to uncontrolled cell growth and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. The disease originates from a single cell and can potentially metastasize, spreading through the body. As of now, cancer has no known cure, and the safety and efficacy of conventional chemotherapies and synthetic drugs employed in its treatment are subject to scrutiny. These treatments can negatively impact a patient's well-being, affect drug resistance, and are often too expensive for many patients to afford. Therefore, researchers are exploring more effective and safe ways to manage cancer. Certain probiotic strains have the potential to be beneficial in preventing cancer or as a complement to traditional chemotherapy by altering gut microbiota and improving the reactions of the body’s defense system. Hence, the review examines the likelihood of probiotics as simply an alternative approach to preventing and treating cancer.

Humans serve as hosts for various species of microorganisms that contribute to the maintenance of human health. The beneficial bacteria residing in our bodies are referred to as probiotics. Besides improving the immune system, probiotics are also capable of warding off various diseases. In recent decades, probiotic microorganisms have emerged as a significant factor in human well-being. Popularly referred to as “health-friendly microorganisms,” they influence health in myriad ways by boosting the immune system, combating intestinal irritation, improving the balance of the gut microbiome, lowering blood pressure, relieving postmenopausal symptoms, and reducing traveler’s diarrhea. The ability of probiotics to compete for the adhesion sites of pathogenic microbes makes them an effective treatment against various intestinal pathogens. Recent studies also advocate their use in the treatment of skin and oral diseases. In addition, the modulation of gut flora by probiotics is being discussed as a possible new solution for treating tension and depression. Ultimately, a cost-effective approach is imperative to improve and maintain fitness in the present competitive environment. This review aims to evaluate the potential benefits of probiotic microorganisms in various disorders, such as gastrointestinal disorders, UTIs, acne, anticancer properties, gut-brain connections, and their possible mode of action.