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Current Probiotics - Online First

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    • Probiotics in Mitigating Adverse Effects of Intestinal Resection and Chemotherapy: A Meta-analysis

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0126666499314634241028103336
      Available online: 11 December 2024
      Introduction

      Colorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a significant burden on global healthcare systems, particularly in Europe, where it ranks among the most diagnosed cancers and leading causes of cancer-related deaths. With an estimated 50,000 deaths attributed to CRC in 2023 alone, a pressing need for innovative approaches to prevention, early detection, and treatment is evident. While chemotherapy and surgical resection remain crucial therapeutic strategies, they often entail significant adverse effects, such as chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and post-surgical complications.

      Method

      Recent research underscores the role of the microbiota in modulating these side effects, with dysbiosis associated with increased risks. Probiotics, known for their ability to restore microbial balance, have emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy for mitigating treatment-related complications in CRC patients. However, the efficacy of probiotics remains debated, necessitating a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive assessment. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in reducing complications in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy and intestinal surgery. For this purpose, thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting strict inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis.

      Result

      Probiotic administration was associated with significant reductions in postoperative infections, including surgical site infections (SSI), pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTI), and central line infections, showing a Risk Ratio (RR) of 0.74 with a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. Moreover, probiotics demonstrated efficacy in mitigating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and post-surgical complications, such as anastomosis loosening and abdominal disorders, with an RR of 0.35 and 0.74, respectively, with a CI of 95%. While promising, further research is needed to optimize probiotic interventions and address potential interactions with concurrent therapies. Integrating probiotics into perioperative care protocols presents a convincing opportunity to enhance surgical outcomes and improve patient prognosis following CRC resection.

      Conclusion

      Future randomized controlled trials should focus on identifying optimal probiotic strains, dosages, and administration timing to maximize therapeutic benefits.

    • Evaluating the Colonization Efficiency of Probiotic Bacteria in Intestinal Milieu and Fish Growth Promotion

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0126666499321747241108045608
      Available online: 10 December 2024
      Objectives

      The objective of the present study was to select potent probiotics by evaluating the survival and colonization properties of some probiotic bacterial strains in fish intestinal milieu and fish growth promotion.

      Methods

      The fish culture experiment was conducted in aquariums (60 l) introducing twenty fingerlings per aquarium ( 10 fingerlings and 10 fingerlings) and feeding through different supplementary feed fortified (inoculated) by eleven different probiotic strains of (As11, Cd16, Cd28, Pb8 and Pb9) and (Butch14, Butch21, Chlop24, Chlop13, Stpt9 and Stpt41). The survival of probiotic bacterial and fish growth was recorded at regular intervals.

      Results

      The higher population (1 – 61 cfu x 104/g) and colonization efficiency (CE; 1266 to 2000%) of different probiotic strains were observed in the intestinal milieu of fish treated with probiotics. Although all probiotic-treated fish showed a higher absolute growth rate (AGR; 0.02 – 0.049 g/day and , 0.2 – 0.5 g/day) compared to the control, the Butch14, As11, and Stpt41 strains exhibited an excellent AGR than the other strains. The negative correlation between CE and AGR (r2 = -0.577 for and r2 = -0.379 for ) signified that probiotic bacterial CE is not the primary fish growth-promoting factor.

      Conclusion

      It can be concluded that the employed As11 as well as Butch14 and Stpt41 could be considered excellent probiotic candidates, and probiotic-mediated fish growth is largely dependent upon the type of probiotic strains rather than the CE of probiotics.

    • The Pulmonary Microbiota: Mediation of Lung Pathogenesis and a Possible Therapeutic Target in Patients with Asthma

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0126666499325570241025074452
      Available online: 30 October 2024

      Traditional views of a sterile lung environment have been revised with the recognition of a complex pulmonary microbiome. The interaction of this microbiota with host immune responses plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases, including asthma. This review aims to explore the impact of the pulmonary microbiota on asthma development and assess the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic intervention.

      A mini-review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology, focusing on studies that compared asthmatic patients with controls in terms of pulmonary microbiome composition. The primary sources were extracted and synthesized using JBI SUMARI, emphasizing studies involving probiotic interventions.

      Significant differences in the pulmonary microbiome between asthmatics and healthy individuals were noted, with dominant genera, such as and linked to inflammation and asthma severity. Importantly, preliminary studies suggest that probiotics may influence these microbial communities, potentially reducing inflammatory responses and improving asthma outcomes.

      The findings indicate a robust link between the pulmonary microbiome and asthma pathogenesis, with probiotics offering a promising avenue for modulating this interaction. The modulation of the lung microbiome through probiotics could represent a novel therapeutic pathway, potentially decreasing asthma severity by restoring microbial balance and enhancing immune homeostasis.

      This review underscores the critical role of the pulmonary microbiome in asthma and highlights the innovative potential of probiotic treatments. Future research should focus on clinical trials to verify the efficacy of probiotics in managing asthma, aiming to establish a new paradigm in therapeutic strategies.

    • Evaluating the Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea, Stress Response, and Social Interactions in a Colony of

      https://doi.org/10.2174/0126666499295593240916060605
      Available online: 23 September 2024
      Background

      Social housing changes are associated with diarrhea in macaques, presumably due to stress.

      Objective

      Since probiotics are utilized in humans for diarrhea, we tested the effectiveness of a species-specific probiotic, SDPro™ (composition: ~2 billion CFU each of live and ), to prevent relocation-associated diarrhea. Assessments of the gut-microbiome and diarrhea severity were made. Behavioral observations and cortisol levels were examined after relocation to test the effects of the probiotic treatment.

      Methods

      The probiotic was administered to 60 juvenile macaques of both sexes (Probiotic +) and outcomes were compared to 60 control (Probiotic -) macaques. The effects on gut microbiome composition were analyzed 16s microbiome analysis in half the animals from both groups. Social behaviors were monitored twice-weekly in the morning and afternoon for five weeks following 10-days of SDPro™ administration in 56 subjects and hair cortisol was assayed.

      Results

      Probiotic administration altered beta, but not alpha, diversity, and caused changes in taxa abundance at the phylum, genus, and species levels. The Probiotic + group was enriched in and diminished in (’s < 0.05) compared to controls. Although SDPro™ did not alter diarrhea incidence following relocation, it reduced diarrhea severity in males only. Males also exhibited higher cortisol levels than females but there was no probiotic effect. Probiotic treatment had minor behavioral effects; the typical reduction in locomotion seen in the afternoon was eliminated.

      Conclusion

      The results suggest that SDPro™ may be a viable tool to prevent relocation-induced diarrhea in juvenile male macaques.

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