Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 26, Issue 34, 2020

Stroke is a heterogeneous disease, and within the broad category of brain ischemia and its subtypes vary dramatically in its etiology. The endothelium can regulate the vascular homeostasis by modulating processes of vascular dilation and constriction by producing and secreting cytokines and chemical mediators, and inflammation represents one of the most important factors that contribute to alteration in vessel Read More

The brain's response to ischemic injury is an acute and long-term inflammatory process. This process involves activation of resident cells (mainly microglia, hematogenous macrophages), production of proinflammatory mediators and infiltration of various proinflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes). These cells play an essential role in ischemic brain tissue by releasing either proinflammatory or anti-infla Read More

Inflammation is a devastating outcome of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), namely stroke and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies over the decade have shown that inflammasomes play a role in mediating inflammatory reactions post cellular injury occurring after a stroke or a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. In view of this, targeting these inflammatory pathways using different pharmacological therapies may improve o Read More

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and the major cause of adult physical disability worldwide. The currently available treatment to recanalize the blood flow in acute ischemic stroke is intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and endovascular treatment. Nevertheless, those treatments have the disadvantage that reperfusion leads to a highly harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) product Read More

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can affect the occurrence of ischemic stroke at varying degrees. Among them, atherosclerosis has been well-recognized as one of the main culprits for the rising incidence of stroke-related mortality. Hence, the current review aimed to summarize the prominent role of lipid metabolism genes Read More

Cancer and tumor have been major reasons for numerous deaths in this century across the world. Many strategies have been designed to treat, diagnose, or prevent cancer. The success of chemotherapy largely depends on drug targeting. The advent of nanotechnology has vastly improved drug delivery for targeting and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the accuracy of drug targeting with polymeric nanoparticles has always been qu Read More

Periodontal disease is one of the most common causes of tooth loss among adults. Research shows that inflammation is one of the crucial components in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Various herbal medicines have recently been receiving attention for the management of periodontitis owing to their general safety and efficacy. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa, has been sh Read More

Ischemic heart disease is a predominant cause of death worldwide. The loss or death of cardiomyocytes due to restricted blood flow often results in a cardiac injury. Myofibroblasts replace these injured cardiomyocytes to preserve structural integrity. However, the depleted cardiomyocytes lead to cardiac dysfunction such as pathological cardiac dilation, reduced cardiac contraction, and fibrosis. Repair and regeneration of myoc Read More

Many studies have been performed to develop an antiviral therapy against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. The usual treatment for HCV infection is a combination of PEGylated interferon and ribavirin which offer restricted efficiency and major side effects. Thus, recent development in molecular biology of HCV and its life cycle led to the design of many drugs that target viral proteins and host factors required for viral re Read More

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes mellitus is considered the 7th leading cause of death as of 2016, while almost half of all deaths related to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70. According to the 2019 American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) guidelines, metformin is the firstline treatment for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Additional therapy is dependent on multiple patient-spe Read More

Background: It is known from the most recent literature that far-infrared (FIR) radiations promote a broad spectrum of therapeutic benefits for cells and tissues. Objective: To identify molecular mechanisms by which FIT patches, as a far infrared technology, protects against damage caused by inflammatory process and oxidative stress. Methods: Endothelial cells (HUVEC, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) were used as in v Read More

Background: We recently reported a role for the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) in midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction. Based on previous studies showing a critical role for the adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in PER2 regulation, we hypothesized that hippocampal ADORA2B is crucial for cognitive function. Methods: Midazolam treated C57BL/6J mice were analyzed for Adora2b hippocampal mRNA expression l Read More

Background: PEGylation of stealth liposomes elevates their stability and prolongs plasma half-life. Stealth liposomes modified with targeting ligands are expected to be ideal drug delivery carriers. Objective: To encapsulate docetaxel in tbFGF (truncated basic fibroblast growth factor)-functionalized liposomes with mPEG2000-VE (d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, TPGS2K) and measure their antitumor effect Read More