Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 26, Issue 12, 2020

Glaucoma constitutes the second cause of blindness worldwide and it is considered a neurodegenerative disorder. In this sense, Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common type of dementia, also causes neurodegeneration. The association between both diseases remains unknown although it has been hypothesised that a possible connection might exist and it will be analysed throughout the review. In this sense, nan Read More

The global burden of neurodegenerative diseases is alarmingly increasing in parallel to the aging of population. Although the molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are not completely understood, excitotoxicity, defined as the injury and death of neurons due to excessive or prolonged exposure to excitatory amino acids, has been shown to play a pivotal role. The increased release and/or decreas Read More

Background: Erythropoietin (Epo) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are two vasoactive molecules with essential trophic effects for brain development. The expression and secretion of both molecules increase in response to neuronal damage and they exert protective and restorative effects, which may also be accompanied by adverse side effects. Objective: We review the most relevant evidence on the ne Read More

Background: Current therapy of neurological disorders has several limitations. Although a high number of drugs are clinically available, several subjects do not achieve full symptomatic remission. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine (LCAR) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) because of the multiplicity of actions they exert in energy metabolism, as antioxidants, neuromod Read More

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has become a worldwide health problem. This pathology has been classically characterized for its affectation on cognitive function and the presence of depositions of extracellular amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. To this day, no effective treatment has been de Read More

Background: Blood-based biomarkers can be very useful in formulating new diagnostic and treatment proposals in the field of dementia, especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, due to the influence of several factors on the reproducibility and reliability of these markers, their clinical use is still very uncertain. Thus, up-to-date knowledge about the main blood biomarkers that are currently being studied is extremely import Read More

In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases, which caused 8.9 million deaths worldwide. Of all cancers, ranked by absolute years of life lost, brain and central nervous system cancers were classified in the nine positions between 2006 and 2016. Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and comprises 80% of malignant tumours. The therapeutic approach usually involves the combination of surgery a Read More

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain problem and responsible for causing dementia in aged people. AD has become most common neurological disease in the elderly population worldwide and its treatment remains still challengeable. Therefore, there is a need of an efficient drug delivery system which can deliver the drug to the target site. Nasal drug delivery has been used since prehistoric times for Read More

Type II Diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). These two diseases share several pathological features, including amyloid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death and cognitive decline. The metabolic hormone amylin and amyloid-beta are both amyloids known to self-aggregate in T2D and AD, respectively, and are thought to be the main pathogenic entities in their respective diseases. Fu Read More

The most important activity of erythropoietin (EPO) is the regulation of erythrocyte production by activation of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R), which triggers the activation of anti-apoptotic and proliferative responses of erythroid progenitor cells. Additionally, to erythropoietic EPO activity, an antiapoptotic effect has been described in a wide spectrum of tissues. EPO low levels are found in the central nervous system (CNS), Read More

The β-amyloid peptide (1-42) is a molecule capable of aggregating into neurotoxic structures that have been implicated as potential etiological factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts obtained from Ugni molinae leaves on neurotoxic actions of β-amyloid aggregates. Chemical analyses were carried out with the extracts Read More

Background: The ketone bodies (KB), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate, have been proposed for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, however, the molecular mechanisms involved in KB protection are not well understood. KB can substitute for glucose and support mitochondrial metabolism increasing cell survival. We have reported that the D-isomer of BHB (D-BHB) stimulates autophagic d Read More

Background: Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) activates the interleukin (IL)1-β pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis (MO) on recurrent SE in immature r Read More