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- Volume 25, Issue 41, 2019
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 25, Issue 41, 2019
Volume 25, Issue 41, 2019
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Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Pre- and Post-Natal GammaDelta (γδ) T Cells and Immune Regulation
Authors: George Anderson and Susana R. Betancort MedinaBackground: It is widely accepted that alterations in immune functioning are an important aspect of the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A relatively under-explored aspect of these alterations is the role of gammaDelta (γδ) T cells, prenatally and in the postnatal gut, which seem important hubs in driving the course of ASD. Methods: The present article describes the role of γδ T cells i Read More
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Prenatal Stress and Maternal Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Potential Points for Intervention
Authors: David Q. Beversdorf, Hanna E. Stevens, Kara G. Margolis and Judy Van de WaterBackground: Genetics is a major etiological contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Environmental factors, however, also appear to contribute. ASD pathophysiology due to gene x environment is also beginning to be explored. One reason to focus on environmental factors is that they may allow opportunities for intervention or prevention. Methods and Results: Herein, we review two such factors that have been as Read More
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Gut-Amygdala Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developmental Roles via regulating Mitochondria, Exosomes, Immunity and microRNAs
Authors: Moonsang Seo and George AndersonBackground: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have long been conceived as developmental disorder. A growing body of data highlights a role for alterations in the gut in the pathoetiology and/or pathophysiology of ASD. Recent work shows alterations in the gut microbiome to have a significant impact on amygdala development in infancy, suggesting that the alterations in the gut microbiome may act to modulate not only amygd Read More
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Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder
More LessAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder with heterogeneous etiology. Vitamin D can function as a fat-soluble vitamin as well as a hormone, and can exert its effect through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. In the last decades, several studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and ASD. These studies demonstrated that low vitamin D status in early developme Read More
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microRNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Background: Efforts to unravel the extensive impact of the non-coding elements of the human genome on cell homeostasis and pathological processes have gained momentum over the last couple of decades. miRNAs refer to short, often 18-25 nucleotides long, non-coding RNA molecules which can regulate gene expression. Each miRNA can regulate several mRNAs. Methods: This article reviews the literature on the roles Read More
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Dysregulation of Circadian Rhythms in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Background: The alterations in neurological and neuroendocrine functions observed in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves environmentally dependent dysregulation of neurodevelopment, in interaction with multiple coding gene defects. Disturbed sleep-wake patterns, as well as abnormal melatonin and glucocorticoid secretion, show the relevance of an underlying impairment of the circadian timing syste Read More
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Pharmacological Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome Based on Synaptic Dysfunction
More LessBackground: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of monogenic hereditary cognitive impairment, including intellectual disability, autism, hyperactivity, and epilepsy. Methods: This article reviews the literature pertaining to the role of synaptic dysfunction in FXS. Results: In FXS, synaptic dysfunction alters the excitation-inhibition ratio, dysregulating molecular and cellular processes underlying cognition, learning, Read More
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Integrating Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathophysiology: Mitochondria, Vitamin A, CD38, Oxytocin, Serotonin and Melatonergic Alterations in the Placenta and Gut
Background: A diverse array of data has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reflecting the complexity of its pathophysiology as well as its heterogeneity. Two important hubs have emerged, the placenta/prenatal period and the postnatal gut, with alterations in mitochondria functioning crucial in both. Methods: Factors acting to regulate mitochondria functioning in ASD across development are reviewed in this Read More
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Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Mechanistic Potentials of Herbal Medicines in Ameliorating Autism Spectrum Disorder
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental issue that disrupts behavior, nonverbal communication, and social interaction, impacting all aspects of an individual’s social development. The underlying origin of autism is unclear, however, oxidative stress, as well as serotonergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic systems are thought to be implicated in ASD. Despite the fact that there is no effective m Read More
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Targeted Biomedical Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Iliyana Pacheva and Ivan IvanovBackground: A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represents presentations with impairment in communication and behaviour that vary considerably in their clinical manifestations and etiology as well as in their likely pathophysiology. A growing body of data indicates that the deleterious effect of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation, as well as their intercon Read More
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Aging and Autism: Understanding, Intervention and Proposals to Improve Quality of Life
Authors: Victor Ruggieri, José L. C. Gómez, María M. Martínez and Claudia ArberasBackground: The population with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing and is currently estimated to be 1 in 58 births. The increased prevalence of ASD together with the lack of knowledge on the processes of aging in this population, the support needed at this stage of life, and the associated risk factors, have led to an urgent need for further research. Methods: This study provides a review of the literature on social Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
- Issue 46
- Issue 45
- Issue 44
- Issue 43
- Issue 42
- Issue 41
- Issue 40
- Issue 39
- Issue 38
- Issue 37
- Issue 36
- Issue 35
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- Issue 32
- Issue 31
- Issue 30
- Issue 29
- Issue 28
- Issue 27
- Issue 26
- Issue 25
- Issue 24
- Issue 23
- Issue 22
- Issue 21
- Issue 20
- Issue 19
- Issue 18
- Issue 17
- Issue 16
- Issue 15
- Issue 14
- Issue 13
- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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