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- Volume 25, Issue 19, 2019
Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 25, Issue 19, 2019
Volume 25, Issue 19, 2019
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Choice of Perioperative Anesthetic Medications in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Luiz F. dos Reis Falcão, Santiago Mc Loughlin and Adrian AlvarezThe prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Rational perioperative anesthetic drug selection and administration require knowledge of how obesity interacts with those drugs. In this review, we summarize different aspects of the anesthetic agents, including pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical application of the most commonly used medications with particular focus on the enhanced recover Read More
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Multimodal Analgesia for Perioperative Management of Patients presenting for Spinal Surgery
Authors: Deepak Agarwal, Praveen Chahar, Mark Chmiela, Afrin Sagir, Arnold Kim, Faysal Malik and Ehab FaragMultimodal, non-opioid based analgesia has become the cornerstone of ERAS protocols for effective analgesia after spinal surgery. Opioid side effects, dependence and legislation restricting long term opioid use has led to a resurgence in interest in opioid sparing techniques. The increasing array of multimodal opioid sparing analgesics available for spinal surgery targeting novel receptors, transmitters, and altering epigeneti Read More
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Pharmacologic Agents for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock
Authors: Hans Knotzer, Bernhard Poidinger and Axel KleinsasserVasodilatory shock is a life-threatening syndrome in critically ill patients and is characterized by severe hypotension and resultant tissue hypoperfusion. This shock state requires the use of vasopressor agents to restore adequate vascular tone. Norepinephrine is still recommended as first-line vasopressor in the management of critically ill patients suffering from severe vasodilation. In the recent time, catecholaminergi Read More
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Sugammadex for Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade: Uses and Limitations
Authors: Jesse Hawkins, Sandeep Khanna and Maged ArgaliousSugammadex is a reversal agent that was engineered to reverse the effects of aminosteroid muscle relaxants. It is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, i.e. a large glucose molecule bound in a ring-like structure. Sugammadex, when injected intravenously, creates a concentration gradient favoring the movement of aminosteroid muscle relaxants from the neuromuscular junction back into the plasma, and then enc Read More
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Perioperative Management of Patients Receiving New Anticoagulants
Authors: Massimo Lamperti, Andrey Khozenko and Arun KumarThere is an increased use of oral anticoagulants for the prevention of venous and arterial thrombosis. Vitamin-K antagonists have been used for decades as the main oral anticoagulants but they have the draback a complex therapeutic management, slow onset of action and by a different oral intake caused by dietary vitamin K intake. New non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been developed to overc Read More
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New Hemostatic Agents: Perioperative Anesthetic Considerations
Authors: Antonia-Therese Kietaibl and Sibylle KietaiblAim: Pharmacologic agents with procoagulant effects and antidotes against antithrombotic drugs play an important role in the prevention and management of perioperative coagulopathic bleeding. The aim of this narrative review is knowledge transfer from new and renewed hemostatic agents to anesthesiologists and other physicians involved in perioperative medicine. Methods: The literature search was performed on P Read More
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Anaesthesia for the Growing Brain
Authors: Divya Raviraj, Thomas Engelhardt and Tom G. HansenDespite the long history of paediatric anaesthesia, there is still much to be discovered regarding how exposure to anaesthesia affects the developing brain. Given that commonly used anaesthetic agents are thought to exert their effect via N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors, it is biologically plausible that exposure during periods of vulnerable brain development may aff Read More
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Can Wogonin be Used in Controlling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Shahzad Khan and Mohammad A. KamalDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is now a well-known factor which initiates many metabolic derangements in various tissues and organs including liver, muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue, cardiovascular and nervous system. Cardiovascular complications are the most crucial , and their effects are so intensive that their derangement leads to cardiac failure even in the absence of ischemic heart diseases. This entity of cardiac patholog Read More
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The Effect of Resveratrol on Neurodegenerative Disorders: Possible Protective Actions Against Autophagy, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mohammad H. Pourhanifeh, Rana Shafabakhsh, Russel J. Reiter and Zatollah AsemiThe prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the loss of neuronal function is rapidly increasing. The pathogenesis of the majority of these diseases is not entirely clear, but current evidence has shown the possibility that autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress are involved. The present review summarizes the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on neurodegenerative disorders, ba Read More
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The Role of Autophagy and Death Pathways in Dose-dependent Isoproterenol-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Alexandra Gyongyosi, Rita Zilinyi, Andras Czegledi, Agnes Tosaki, Arpad Tosaki and Istvan LekliBackground: Isoproterenol (ISO) is a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist. Our aims were to investigate the autophagy and cell death pathways including apoptosis and necrosis in ISO-induced cardiac injury in a dosedependent manner. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 24 hours with I. vehicle (saline); II. 0.005 mg/kg ISO; III. 0.05 mg/kg ISO; IV. 0.5 mg/kg ISO; V. 5 mg/kg ISO; VI. 50 mg/kg ISO, respectively. H Read More
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Dose-dependent Effects of Esmolol-epinephrine Combination Therapy in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yoshimasa Oyama, Justin Blaskowsky and Tobias EckleBackground: Animal studies on cardiac arrest found that a combination of epinephrine with esmolol attenuates post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that esmololepinephrine combination therapy would be superior to a reported cardioprotective esmolol therapy alone in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods: C57BL/6J mice w Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2025)
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
- Issue 46
- Issue 45
- Issue 44
- Issue 43
- Issue 42
- Issue 41
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- Issue 31
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- Issue 28
- Issue 27
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- Issue 25
- Issue 24
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- Issue 22
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- Issue 20
- Issue 19
- Issue 18
- Issue 17
- Issue 16
- Issue 15
- Issue 14
- Issue 13
- Issue 12
- Issue 11
- Issue 10
- Issue 9
- Issue 8
- Issue 7
- Issue 6
- Issue 5
- Issue 4
- Issue 3
- Issue 2
- Issue 1
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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