BackgroundCriminal actions using falsified papers are on the rise. Any changes to the document's content are usually made with ballpoint and gel pens. All changes made to a document using a pen necessitate ink analysis. Thus a quick and accurate ink analysis process must be created to cope with the challenges associated with counterfeiting.AimThis study aims to analyze several brands of ballpoint and gel pen inks using physicochemical and co Read More

Mechanoluminescence (ML) refers to the light emission from numerous organic and inorganic materials upon mechanical stimulation. As a brand new class of smart materials mechanoluminescent materials are broadly relevant for fluorescence switches mechanic sensors protection papers optoelectronic gadgets record garages and many others. In the past few years systematic investigations have been executed resulting in the production of an ex Read More

One of the most promising novel drug delivery systems is an in-situ gel which uses a unique 'Sol to Gel' conversion to help with the slow and steady release of pharmaceuticals. An in-situ gel system enters the body as a solution but transforms into a gel once it encounters the body's internal environment. Traditional methods of ocular drug delivery such as suspensions eye drops and ointments have a number of drawbacks. These include lacrimation obscured v Read More

BackgroundA key concern in tissue engineering for bone regeneration is the fabrication of scaffolding so that it serves as a template for cell interactions and the formation of bone’s extracellular matrix to provide structural support to the newly formed tissue.ObjectiveIn the current study different amounts of citric acid from 65 to 85 (vol%) including different particle sizes (between 250-700 μm) were used as a porogen to fabricate porous biphasic calcium ph Read More

Background The thermal stability of epoxy resin (EP) is poor and adding intumescent flame retardants (IFR) and synergistic flame retardants to EP is an effective method to improve its thermal stability. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has high-temperature stability and flake graphite (FGP) has a high specific surface area making it an ideal synergistic flame retardant. However the direct use of untreated h-BN and FGP can lead to agglomeration so it is n Read More

A grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from the producer to the consumer. This review focuses on the challenges associated with the integration of renewable energy into the grid as well as the solutions that can be used to reduce the environmental impact of climate change and achieve sustainability. Renewable energy such as solar energy wind energy hydroelectricity geothermal energy and tidal energy are the sources which can Read More

ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to study in more detail the dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses at different frequencies. It is well known that adding ions increases the dielectric constant and increases the dielectric loss as well as conductivity. Furthermore the real part of the dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency. Dielectrics are used as a capacitor for storing energy and a transformer for insulating and cooling agents. To Read More

BackgroundThe present work deals with DFT-based theoretical investigations on pristine and metal (M = Na Mg and Al) substituted zinc oxide nanotube (M-ZnONT). The investigation advocates a change in the electronic bandgap of ZnONT on the respective substitution of Zn with Na Mg and Al. The forbidden energy gap vanishes on Na incorporation while Al substitution brings the gap to 0.08eV. The formation energy calculations suggest the feasibility o Read More