Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews - Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025

Tuberculosis is a chronic infective respiratory disease that has been known to mankind for centuries and is still responsible for higher rates of morbidity and mortality globally. Repurposing drugs as host-directed therapies as an add-on drug to tuberculosis is a promising scope to study as it may have a significant impact in reducing the treatment duration and complications of tuberculosis. Host-directed therapy is a strategy Read More

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly confirmed through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which is both expensive and time-consuming and requires specific equipment. Thus, demand for rapid diagnostic methods, such as rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests, has emerged. Here, we assessed the efficiency and reliability of RAD for early diagnosis of COVID-19.MethodsWe performed Read More

BackgroundAsthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is frequently seen in asthmatics but often unnoticed in clinical practice. This study evaluated the associations between asthma disease characteristics and FSD.MethodsA total of 73 female asthma patients who visited the chest department outpatient clinic and age-matched 73 healthy controls were enrolled. All the participa Read More

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the association between iron dysregulation and the severity of COVID-19, examining serum levels of iron-related biomarkers in hospitalized patients. The primary objective was to identify reliable predictors for disease severity, specifically focusing on the role of ferritin, Hemoglobin (Hb), Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC), and iron.Materials and MethodsThe study enrolled 117 consecutive C Read More

IntroductionThis study developed a method using machine learning techniques to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions, analyzing texture parameters in computed tomography scans.MethodsThe study involved forty-one patients, with their computed tomography examinations classified into three groups: True Positive - patients with both cytopathological analysis and pleural biopsy indi Read More

BackgroundLimited clinical data are available regarding the impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on children.ObjectiveThis study assessed the clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and disease severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19.MethodsA retrospective study examined medical records of children with COVID-19 admitted to Abuzar Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) for nine months. Data related to their cli Read More

BackgroundDuring cardiac or pulmonary rehabilitation exercises, the use of a surgical mask may not be well tolerated by patients, especially those experiencing dyspnea during certain activities due to their underlying health conditions. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of a surgical mask on exertion perception and some physiological parameters during an incremental test in healthy subjects.MethodsA descr Read More

IntroductionThe prognostic qualities of the hematological biomarker neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have not yet been evaluated in pleural empyema. Therefore, we aimed to find if NLR can predict adverse outcome in such clinical setting.MethodsRetrospectively we studied 84 patients with pleural empyema who were operated in emergency setting in a clinic of thoracic surgery of an academic hospital over a 34-month Read More

BackgroundAssessment of exercise tolerance should be an integral part of the follow-up of COVID-19 survivors.ObjectiveWe aimed in this study to investigate the correlation between the 5 Times Sit to Stand Test (5STST) and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and to determine their place in assessing exercise tolerance and disability in COVID-19 survivors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that included 201 survivors of Read More

Background and ObjectiveTuberculosis (TB) was one of the most challenging diseases in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and control during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of tuberculosis.Materials and MethodsThis study was cross-sectional, based on a census of all patients with tuberculosis whose information Read More

BackgroundNonspecific symptoms and variable clinical course are the hurdles in diagnosing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a rare lung disease. We report a pediatric case of hereditary PAP caused by mutations in the gene encoding granulocyte Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) receptor.Case PresentationA 3 years 10-month-old female child, born to 3rd-degree consanguineous parents presented with fe Read More

IntroductionPerivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by perivascular epithelioid cells. Despite their common occurrence in the uterus, gastrointestinal tract, and retroperitoneum, this study presents an exceptional case of PEComa identified in the lung, warranting unique molecular exploration.Case ReportA 50-year-old man was diagnosed with a 6 cm neoplasm in the lower lobe Read More

BackgroundMiddle Lobe Syndrome (MLS) is a pediatric respiratory condition characterized by the collapse of the middle lobe of the right lung or the lingula of the left lung. Historically linked with tuberculosis, contemporary cases primarily involve asthma and other causes, like foreign body aspiration or mucous plug.Case PresentationWe have, herein, analyzed the clinical features and management of three cases of MLS fro Read More

BackgroundThere is no consensus regarding the comparison between nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among premature infants.ObjectiveThis randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the efficacy of NCPAP compared to HFNC for the treatment of preterm neonates with RDS.MethodsThe study was conducted a Read More