Current Protein and Peptide Science - Online First

This study aimed to investigate the role of glycosyltransferase-related genes (GRGs) in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) through bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation, exploring their potential as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers.

We utilized datasets from TCGA-STAD and GSE26901 to establish training and validation cohorts. Prognostic gene signatures were constructed using differentially expressed genes and LASSO regression. Pathway associations were explored via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and correlations with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes were analyzed using CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and TIDE. Drug sensitivity was assessed using OncoPredict, and GRG expression was confirmed via qRT-PCR.

We identified 20 GRGs as prognostic indicators in STAD, with 14 showing abnormal expression. A six-gene signature (B3GAT3, FUT2, GALNT15, GLT8D1, MGAT4C, and ST8SIA6) was constructed, demonstrating AUC values of 0.662, 0.702, and 0.711 in TCGA-STAD for predicting overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The risk score was significantly associated with reduced survival and identified as an independent prognostic marker. The GRG profile was found to be correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and drug responsiveness.

The study highlights the significance of GRGs in STAD prognosis and potential therapeutic applications. The GRG signature shows promise as a predictive biomarker, with implications for personalized medicine. Limitations include modest AUC values and the need for larger, diverse cohorts for validation. Future work should integrate multi-omics data and explore the roles of GRGs in immune modulation and drug sensitivity.

The GRG profile serves as a prognostic biomarker for STAD, offering new insights into therapeutic approaches and potential applications in other gastrointestinal cancers.

An endocrine condition known as Poly-Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) makes females of reproductive age more susceptible to insulin resistance, excessive levels of male hormones, and delayed ovulation. It is the main reason that stimulates infertility in females during their reproductive years. Thus, the objective of the present research is to determine whether oleo-gum resins derived from Boswellia serrata and Commiphora myrrh could be beneficial in the treatment of PCOS using a female animal model (Wistar rats) that were administered 1 mg/ kg of letrozole for induction of the disease.

A combination therapy of Boswellia serrata and Commiphora myrrh was used to study its effect on rat models administered letrozole (1 mg/kg), employed to induce PCOS. OECD Guidelines 407 and 423 were followed for toxicity studies.

It was revealed that the polyherbal mixture is nontoxic and safe to use, according to the results. Furthermore, studies have investigated the potential of a combination of oleo-gum resins in the treatment of letrozole-induced PCOS using animal models. According to the information gathered, it was found that the prepared herbal mixture significantly affected the letrozole-induced PCOS rat models. Additionally, it seems to have potential benefits for PCOS-related hormonal and reproductive disorders.

The polyherbal mixture was considered safe for consumption at a dose concentration of under 2000 mg/ kg and can be used for an extended period. Additionally, the polyherbal mixture improved the outcome of the therapy of PCOS in rat models administered with letrozole (1 mg/ kg) employed to induce PCOS.

Edible insects are gaining popularity as a sustainable source of proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Insects are nutritious, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Modern processing methods, including roasting, drying, fermentation, and hydrolysis, improve the taste, safety, and digestibility of foods derived from insects. This comprehensive review integrates nutritional, bioactive, and technical aspects to explain edible insects as a future food.

This study examines edible insects as a healthy, sustainable alternative to plant-based diets. It examines their nutritional profile, health advantages, and widespread diet acceptability potential and limitations.

This review paper covered the nutritional composition of edible insects, including minerals, fibre, fats, and amino acids. It also evaluated the health benefits of edible insects and chronic disease prevention. Finally, it explored consumer safety and acceptance of edible insects.

Insects provide proteins, amino acids, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and calcium. They promote health and reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer risk. Edible insects benefit musclebuilders and older adults since they are excellent sources of protein and amino acids. Their safety, nutritional efficacy, and defined regulatory frameworks were also reported to improve consumer trust and industry development.

Edible insects provide high-quality, sustainable protein. This review highlights their high levels of protein, essential amino acids, and bioactive peptides for metabolic health and disease management. Polyphenols, chitin, and antimicrobial peptides are antioxidants, antihypertensives, and immunomodulators. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microencapsulation enhance nutritional bioavailability, safety, and flavor. Edible insects use less area and release fewer pollutants than animals, making them better for the environment. Legal, technological, and awareness initiatives can promote entomophagy worldwide.

Consuming insects provides nourishment and leads to good health. They better meet nutritional needs than animal and plant-based diets and supplement protein consumption. Large-scale deployment requires safety and nutritional studies, transparent regulations, and customer acceptance.

Baicalein (BN), a potent flavonoid derived from scutellaria scutellaria, exhibits an array of noteworthy attributes, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antipyretic properties. Furthermore, its potential in treating osteoporosis has been highlighted. Nonetheless, the exact modes of action responsible for its therapeutic effects remain obscure. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the improvement effect of BN on OVX rats and explore its potential mechanism of action in treating osteoporosis through a comprehensive strategy that integrates network pharmacology and rigorous animal experiments.

The potential protein targets and OP disease targets in BN are analyzed using the protein database. The protein interaction diagram is constructed by Cytoscape3.7.2 software, and binding energy is used to evaluate the binding activity between BN and core targets, and some key genes are verified by protein experiments.

Topology analysis and prediction reveal that osteoporosis (OP) is associated with more than ten core target proteins. Notably, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Androgen Receptor (AR), Estrogen Receptor beta (ESR1), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) emerge as pivotal proteins in the treatment of osteoporosis with BN. The biological process underlying BN treatment of osteoporosis primarily involves the regulation of sex hormone levels, autophagy, inflammatory response, and reactive oxygen metabolism. Moreover, the signaling pathways involved are predominantly the PI3K-Akt pathway, AMPK pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway. Subsequent animal experiments corroborate these findings by demonstrating that BN significantly enhances the expression levels of SIRT1, AR, and ESR1 in tissues, while concurrently reducing the protein expression of PTGS2. This multifaceted approach ultimately achieves the desired therapeutic outcome of osteoporosis treatment.

In summary, this study has validated the therapeutic effect of BN on OP and analyzed multiple potential therapeutic targets of BN for osteoporosis, which provides new ideas for further clinical treatment and experimental research of BN.